Communication in Early Childhood Essay

Good communication in early childhood is essential because without communication the child wanders hopelessly around looking for some explanation as to why things work the way they do. When born, children know who to look for, listen to and bond with. Even before birth their brains are already somewhat â€Å"prewired for survival† (Gerrig & Zimbardo 2008) Doctors and scientists have researched that in the womb babies favour the sound of their mother’s voices rather than voices of their fathers or a stranger. This is backed up by experiments showing that the fetal heart rate increases when the mothers voice is heard and decreases when a strangers voice is heard or even their fathers. This experimental research proves that the thoughts had about communication starting later on in babies mental development or even toddlers is a myth on all accounts. Children are â€Å"designed to communicate from birth† (Stamm & Spencer 2007) How this ability is cultivated depends on the environment in which the child is surrounded in. The ability to communicate effectively in early childhood settings is crucial in social and mental development. When communicating with young children eye contact, body language and listening is all important factors to their learning development. Seventy percent of communication is non verbal so hand gestures and facial expressions with infants and small children can be interpreted in the wrong context if perceived to be scary or too intense. Keep in mind the environment in which the child is surrounded needs to be relaxed, clutter free. If there are too many noises or it is a very hectic environment the child is likely to be distracted easily which can hinder the communication development. â€Å"Communication refers to the development of a language system and language skills† (Stamm & Spencer 2007) From a very early age children know how communicate. Whether it is by body language or speech, children develop their foundations for communicating from at first their family members then those their family members choose to surround them with. It is not a switch that is turned on from a certain age, developed over time with the use of neural commitment. Neural commitment is a part of the brain the helps the child develop in a few short years. It allows the child to sort, words, sounds, grammar and syntax of their native tongue.

Ethics and Morality Essay

I’m Researching†¦ Saved Recents Uploads My Answers Account Products Home Essays Drive Answers Texty About Company Legal Site Map Contact Us Advertise  ©2016 Ethics and Morality Ethics, Morality, Philosophy Mar 7, 2008 3604Words 791Views PAGE 1 OF 9 Abstract The paper delves into the topic of ethics and morality. It would try to understand the concept of ethics and morality and the difference between the two concepts. In the paper I would analyse what motivates human behaviour and choices and why those choices can never always be moral and ethical. I will analyse some ethical and moral theories that provide guidelines for ethical human behaviour and critically assess them with the aid of real life examples, to determine whether it is possible to have universally applicable rules that help humans to decide if a decision requires ethical/moral considerations or not. The paper would aim to prove that it is the needs of humans which may be at times materialistic and at other times spiritual, that govern their course of action. As no two humans have similar needs and similar means to fulfil their needs, to straitjacket decisions into moral/ethical and rational is virtually impossible. Introduction â€Å"The temptation to set aside ethical standards is always present, because the gains are so large for the individual who decides to work outside the rules. † From The High Price of Low Ethics How Corruption Imperils American Entrepreneurship and Democracy Carl J. Schramm, PhD, JD President and CEO, The Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation There is no doubt that to succeed in life today, one has to be shrewd, aggressive and practical. We see all around us that the struggle for existence forces humans to sideline issues of right and wrong and makes them focus only on achieving the ends with little or no consideration to the means employed. Does this mean that humans have become inherently immoral and unethical? No. Humans cannot be blind to morality and ethics. According to Aristotle, humans are social animals. For them to be perfectly happy, they have to be a part of a society that is also happy (Yrjonsuuri 2004). This means that humans, who are biologically selfish, need to consider the interests of the society and be aware of the morality of their choices. But do we understand what ethics and morals are? Ethics are not the same as feelings as some people feel good even when they do something criminal (Markkula Center for applied ethics n. d. ). Ethics are not religion, as many people are not religious, but ethics apply to all (Markkula Center for applied ethics n. d. ). Ethics are also not law as law can become ethically corrupt as some totalitarian regimes have made it (Markkula Center for applied ethics n. d. ). Ethics are not about following culturally accepted norms as cultures can sometimes become corrupt, and neither is ethics science (Marrakula Center for applied ethics n. d. ). Then what exactly are ethics and morals? How do we know that we are being faced with an ethical and moral choice rather than an ordinary one? Telling the truth is considered morally right, but if our truth hurts someone should we tell the truth? Can humans be ethical and moral at all times? How many of us know people who would have been influenced by their morals to hide Jews from the Nazis at the expense of their lives? Would the people who preferred to save their own lives be considered immoral? Such questions that concern the right behaviour for humans have been a subject of debate for centuries because it is believed that there is no right answer for such questions. What may feel right to one individual or organization may be considered immoral in another society. This paper would try to analyse the concept of morality and ethics, and their importance in the life of human beings, with an objective to understand whether it is possible to develop universal rules in decision making that can make it easier for humans to take decisions that are acceptable to the society and their conscious. Discussion The word Ethics comes from the Greek word ethos which means moral character or custom. The word Morality comes from the Latin word moralis which means custom or manner (Perle n. d. ). ?Both the words deal with the customs or the manner in which people do things. Their modern meanings relate to the way people act – either good or bad, or right or wrong’ (Perle n. d. ). So, if people often use the two words as if they have the same meaning, it should be no surprise. ?While we may often use the two terms interchangeably, morals are generally understood to be the principles of right and wrong, whereas ethics involve an entire system of moral issues and focuses on right and wrong behaviour’ (Eastwood et al. 2006). Morality is an individual’s perception of right and wrong which may be in disagreement with another individual’s perception. Nevertheless, every individual’s morality influences the values of the society. Ethics is the product of those collective moral values of all the individuals in the society (The oracle education foundation n. d). ?The distinction between ethics and morality can be demonstrated by using the analogy of a conversation. If one imagines that ethics is a conversation that has arisen to answer the question, â€Å"What should a person do? â€Å", then moralities are the voices in that conversation’ (St. James Ethics centre n. d. ). Morality and ethics talk about right and wrong behaviour. But what should be the standard of deciding what is right and what is wrong? Kant proposed a test for personal duty and good willing which eliminates self interest and helps decide whether an action is ethically correct (Eastwood et al. 2006). The test requires an individual to ask himself whether he would be willing to have everyone in the world under similar circumstances behave in exactly the same manner (Eastwood et al. 2006). This is the Categorical Imperative, which states that an act can be judged right or wrong only if everyone in the world will act in the same way or come to the same decision under similar circumstances (Eastwood et al. 2006). But decision making is rarely an easy process. In our lives, we face situations where we have to take decisions to achieve some desired objective(s) with minimum negative consequences. Decision making becomes even more complicated when our needs are in conflict with each other. Humans have broadly two categories of needs which guide their decisions, viz. deficiency needs associated with physiological needs, which are determined by life processes, like survival, reproduction, nourishment etc, and growth needs associated with psychological needs which are outside the life processes and differentiate humans from other creatures, like creativity, spontaneity, self actualization etc. (Maslow, 1943). Schlozberg in his essay analysed that according to Arendt, our needs of life and the life process are fulfilled through ordinary decision making which is rational in nature. As the number of the ordinary decisions that need to be made in our daily lives are so large, our mind often takes them in a routine and habitual manner, through the aids of customs and habits (cited in Schlozberg n. d. ). The way individuals will greet each other, their behaviour towards their seniors etc are examples of some of the decisions which are taken without a thought to any values that we may cherish. But, ordinary decision making while being useful in daily life, is ill fitted for moral and ethical decision making (cited in Schlozberg n. d. ). Our other set of needs that stem from outside the life processes, require us to often take heed of moral and ethical issues and negate the presence of rationality. Let us take the example of Siebel Edmonds, who worked as a FBI translator. ?Edmonds was fired from her position as a language specialist at the FBI’s Washington Field Office in March, 2002, after she accused a colleague of covering up illicit activity involving foreign nationals, alleging serious acts of security breaches, cover-ups, and intentional blocking of intelligence which, she contended, presented a danger to the United States’ security’ (Wikipedia 2005). If we try to analyze her act, it can be said that her decision to report the misconduct to higher authorities at the expense of her job was not rational rather a decision governed by her moral values. If Edmonds had placed her survival before all other needs, she would have made an ordinary rational decision, rather than an extraordinary moral decision which she eventually made. However, if we analyse Edmond’s moral decision from the point of view of deontology, we may argue that her decision may have been rational! From a deontological point of view, something is moral/ethical not because of its consequences, but is moral/ethical because the motive or intent is good with no ulterior motive attached (Russo n. d. ). So, to actually bracket Siebel Edmonds decision as a moral decision and not a rational decision, it is important to know whether her intention was to exemplify herself as a model employee and be promoted, or was she actually concerned about US security? True moral/ethical choices cannot be rational choices. It is only an individual who can decide whether his/her need falls under the realm of life process or arises out of extra-natural conditions. Understanding of this aspect will help him/her take an ordinary decision bordering on rationality or a value laden decision based on morality and ethics. Human beings and organizations are forever being presented with opportunities in life where they have to take such decisions. We all know that the primary objective of a business organization is to increase the market value of the company. The board of directors thus are often known to resort to any means to achieve the objective which is rational for the organization’s growth. Economics and morality/ethics do not mix, and we end up seeing instances of insider trading, industrial espionage etc. in the business world. But on the other hand, the organizations also have a need to be respected in the society so that people trust them. When an organization takes a decision keeping their social responsibilities in mind, they may take decisions which are ethical and moral in the true sense. Let us take the example of the cosmetic company,† The Body Shop†. ?Body Shop was regarded as amongst the first firms in the world to publish a proper report on its social responsibility initiatives. In addition to social activism, internal audit programs were conducted at Body Shop for environmental protection, health and safety at work, and the monitoring of â€Å"Against Animal Testing Policy† ? (ICFAI Center for Management Research 2006). All this indicates that the objective of Body Shop was to develop an organization in sync with certain moral and ethical values. However recently, Body Shop was acquired by L’Oreal and faced severe criticism for the same. Some analysts believed that ? L’Oreal did not share the principles of Body Shop, and that this acquisition had removed the biggest supporter of ethically sourced beauty care products from the market’ (ICFAI Center for Management Research 2006). Analyst also believed that Ms Roddick, the owner of Body Shop, ? sold out’ to the very organization she fought against (ICFAI Center for Management Research 2006). Why did Body Shop allow itself to be acquired by L’Oreal? It may be argued that the decision of selling Body Shop to L’Oreal was probably a rational business decision, taken presumably because Body Shop was operating at a loss and the money that Ms. Roddick was offered by L’Oreal was too tempting to resist. Clearly, whatever may be the reason behind the decision, morality/ethics does not seem to be one of them! Thus it can be said that humans or at a macro level organizations, take decisions governed by their needs and the desired outcomes. As the example of Body Shop illustrates, sometimes decisions are rational and sometimes ethical/moral. Thus, to expect that all decisions made by an individual or an organization will at all times be moral and ethical is unrealistic. So what kinds of decisions should always be ethical? And when should we decide to take decisions based on our morality? Morals come into play when an individual decides to make a personal choice, whereas ethics come into play when an individual decides to make a choice as a representative of a social group (organization, doctors, lawyers etc. ). Nevertheless, both ethics and morals help individuals to decide between the right and wrong, and thus have similar benchmarks for deciding the kind of decisions that should be moral/ethical. According to the Utilitarian theory, any decision that has the potential of harming the maximum number of people while benefiting just a few, should be decided ethically so that maximum good and least harm is done (Andre et al. 1996). Other philosophers who follow the Rights Approach suggest that if our actions tend to violate the rights of humans, then the decision should be made on ethical grounds so that rights of humans are protected (Andre et al. 1996). The Greek Philosophers believed in a common good approach, which suggested that certain conditions in the society are shared amongst all humans, so all are decisions that are important for the welfare of everyone should be based on ethical reasoning (Andre et al. 1996). A very ancient approach to ethics is that ethical actions ought to be consistent with certain ideal virtues that provide for the full development of our humanity. The virtue ethics asks of any action, â€Å"What kind of person will I become if I do this? † or â€Å"Is this action consistent with my acting at my best? † (Markkula Center for Applied Ethics n. d). In essence virtue approach suggests that all the decisions that we take in our life are required to be based on ethics and morality. These different approaches give us a broad outline of the type of decisions that should be considered ethical or moral. However in the real world there will always be an uncertainty on whether a decision should be made on ethical/moral grounds or not. If a decision benefits maximum people and harms only the organization, will the company take the ethical decision? Not necessarily. It did not stop Nestle from sourcing its cocoa from the Ivory Coast where bonded labours and children were used in the plantations (Harkins et al. 2005). If we follow the rights approach, then we may not all agree to the same set of human and civil rights (Markkula Center for Applied Ethics n. d). And then there is the question of who decides what constitutes common good? Also not all the approaches answer the question, â€Å"what is ethical/moral? † in the same way (Markkula Center for Applied Ethics n. d). Nevertheless, the above theories do give us an idea of the kind of decisions that should ideally be made on ethical and moral grounds. If we believe that a decision could be damaging to the community, violates the rights of others, or makes us feel guilty, it is a decision that ideally requires ethical/moral considerations. But eventually, in the real world it is the needs of the humans and organizations that would determine their choice. Conclusion ?There are no natural morals or ethics’ (Saxena 2003). Humans are animals who have natural survival instincts and are programmed for the sole aim of survival and proliferation (Saxena 2003). But as Aristotle said, humans are not like other animals, they are social animals, who belong to a social setup where the principles of survival of the fittest do not always operate (Saxena 2003). Humans need to curb their survival instincts to sustain the society and the social structures (Saxena 2003). These restrictions take the form of moral and ethics (Saxena 2003). Morals and ethics are thus the social survival instincts visible in human beings, which guide him/her to live a righteous socially acceptable life (Saxena 2003). Unfortunately, the survival instincts of humans often conflict with their ethics and morality, making it difficult for them to always follow the righteous path. Humans are thus forever performing a balancing act to survive with a clear conscience. For instance, most of the tobacco companies while promoting smoking are known to make huge donations to various philanthropic causes, presumably to appease their moral and ethical values while simultaneously pursuing their business interests! (Campaign for tobacco-free kids 2006). As long as individuals have worldly needs and desires, they cannot be realistically expected to be moral and ethical at all times. Although there are various moral and ethical theories which suggest the right path, it is eventually an individual’s needs and desired outcomes that guide the path that he chooses. No two situations are similar in this world, and only the people who have to take the decision understand their environment, their needs and the approach (ethical/moral, or rational) that will best suit them. So although the philosopher’s of the world can guide moral and ethical behaviour, it is an individual himself who can realistically define them and decide what kinds of decisions should always be ethical/moral for him. Fortunately not all decisions require humans to be moral and ethical. Most of our decisions are based on customs and habits that are accepted in our society and thus do not require us to consider moral and ethical repercussions. What to eat? How to dress? How to behave with elders, are some examples of such decisions which we take mechanically on a regular basis. Alas, only one decision, â€Å"What is the right thing to do? † leaves us humans struggling for an answer! References Andre, C. , DeCosse, D. , Hanson, O. K. , McLean, M. R. , Meyer, M. J. , Moberg, D. , Shanks, T. , Velasquez, M. 1988, ? A Framework for thinking ethically’, Product of dialogue and debate at the Markkula center for applied ethics at Santa Clara University, Markkula Center for Applied Ethics, California, viewed 28 March 2007, http://www. scu. edu/ethics/practicing/decision/framework. html Andre, C. , Meyer, M. J. , Shanks, T. , Velasquez, M. 1996, Thinking Ethically: A Framework for moral decision making, Markkula Center for Applied Ethics, California, viewed 28 March 2007, http://www. scu. edu/ethics/publications/iie/v7n1/thinking. html Behind the smokescreen. 2006, Behind the Smokescreen, Campaign for Tobacco-free kids, Washington D. C, viewed 7 April 2007, http://tobaccofreekids. org/reports/smokescreen/philanthropy. shtml Damon, T. 2000, Defining Ethics and Morality, American Sign Language Interpreting Resources, USA, viewed 10 March 2007, http://asl_interpreting. tripod. com/ethics/dt1. htm Eastwood, K. , Lamsa, A. ,M. & Sakkinen, A. 2006, About Ethics and values in Business Education-A cross cultural perspective, Business and Organization Ethics Network, viewed 14 March 2007, http://ejbo. jyu. fi/index. cgi? page=articles/0301_2 Garee, M. , L. & Schori, T. , R. n. d. , Ethics and Morality in Business, The public reader, viewed 4 April 2007,http://www. fortunecity. com/marina/anchor/1976/id91. htm Harkins, T. & Engel, E. L. 2005, Taking Child slavery out of Valentine’s day, International Center on Child Labor and Education, Washington DC, viewed 7 April 2007, http://www. iccle. org/newsletter_children/0502/i Jones, J. n. d. , On the distinction between Ethics and Morality, Raritan Valley Community College, New Jersey, viewed 10 March 2007, http://rvcc2. raritanval. edu/~scieng/eandm. html Josephson, M. 2002, Making Ethical Decisions, Josephson Institute of Ethics, California, viewed 7 April 2007, http://www. josephsoninstitute. org/MED/MED-intro+toc. htm Lichtman, J. 2004, What do you stand for? , Scribblers Ink, Canada Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs. 2007, Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs, Wikipedia, USA, viewed 4 April 2007, http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Maslow’s_hierarchy_of_needs O’Connor, T. 2007, Theories of Moral and Ethical Behaviour, Megalinks in Criminal Justice, viewed 7 April 2007,http://www. apsu. edu/oconnort/3300/3300lect01a. htm Perle, S. n. d. , Morality and Ethics: An introduction, Chiroweb. com, USA, viewed 10 March 2007, http://www. chiroweb. com/archives/22/06/16. html Russo,M. S. n. d. , Deontology and its discontents : A brief overview of Kant’s ethics, Molloy College, New York, viewed 7 April 2007, http://www. molloy. edu/sophia/kant/deontology. htm Saxena, R. , K. 2003, Biology, Morals and Dharma, Geeta-Kavita. com, viewed 7 April 2007, http://www. geeta-kavita. com/article. asp? article=biology_morals_dharma Shlozberg, R. n. d. , The trouble with moral decision making : when rational choice judgement meets Hannah Arendt, Canadian Political Science Association, Canada, viewed 26 March 2007,www. cpsa-acsp. ca/papers-2006/Shlozberg. pdf Siebel Edmonds. 2005, Siebel Edmonds, Wikipedia, USA, viewed 7 April, http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Sibel_Edmonds Swinton, L. n. d. , Ethical Decision Making: How to make ethical decisions in 5 steps, viewed 28 March 2007, http://www. mftrou. com/ethical-decision-making. html The Body Shop- Social Responsibility or sustained greenwashing. 2006, The Body Shop-Social Responsibility or sustained greenwashing, ICFAI Center for Management Research, India, viewed 12 March 2007, http://www. icmr. icfai. org/casestudies/catalogue/Business%20Ethics/BECG067. htm The Oracle Education Foundation, California, viewed 10 March 2007, http://library. thinkquest. org/12160/defin. htm What is ethics?. n. d. , What is Ethics? , St. James Ethics centre, Australia, viewed 28 March 2007, http://www. ethics. org. au/about-ethics/what-is-ethics/ethical-decision-making. html Value based decision making. 2003, Value based decision making, Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation, Missouri USA, viewed 7 April 2007, http://www. kauffman. org/signatureseries/VBDM. cfm Yrjonsuuri, M. 2004, Morality and Selfishness, viewed 7 April 2007,

Summary Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 5

Summary - Assignment Example Despite being poor in economies of scale, the firm has managed to post the highest profit with no harm to the phone brand. The general core competences of Apple are based on focus on people and their spending patterns. Others include development of operating system, graphical software, innovative technological design and the display system. However, specific iPhone core competences are on their operating system, high quality imaging applications, high resolution displays, innovative design, strong supplier market and multi-tasking ability of one phone. Despite many successes that Apple has witnessed, it still faces a number of threats such as the death of Steve Jobs, the HP slate, Google Chrome OS, its lawsuits, Microsoft’s smartphones and the increase Android rise. The mobile phone device has in the recent past to date emerged as the fast paced technology and a basic requirement in America irrespective of the fact that not many people were attracted to it when it was first rolled out in the year 1982. This was triggered by its high price and the bulkiness of the initial models. However, it has become one of the mostly widely accepted technologies all over the world. We have also emerged with a new idea of creating iPhone which was triggered by multitasking ability. This is to be in favor of generation Y is the most technologically savvy. Developing a see-through cell phone will provide a great incentive to multitasking aspect of an iPhone in such a way that one can text and walk at the same time with minimal distraction. Such a model can be viewed in http://futuristicnews.com/iphone-5-commercial-concept/. Students at Penn University conducted a study which proved that the cell phone company was in the early mature stage as result of competition from smartphone firms. The main concern for Apple is how it will protect its market share while at the same time generating high revenue. Apple

Philip, Alexander and the Hellenistic period Research Paper

Philip, Alexander and the Hellenistic period - Research Paper Example Presently, numerous historians have associated Hellenistic period with the influence of Philip’s and Alexander’s regimes. This is because of their wisdom and exemplary leadership which they then exhibited, prompting the thriving of Hellenism and spreading of Greek’s influence to the Middle East. This period has also witnessed the emergence of creative art, literature, scientific breakthroughs and scholarly works by diverse philosophers. Philip and his son Alexander the Great contributed immensely to the shaping of the Hellenistic period’s culture. This is especially through the leaders who came after them though they were incompetent (Coffin et al. 157). Initially, Philip, due to his wisdom and exemplary leadership strategies, has managed to sway Greeks to attack Persia, but he has not managed to accomplish this mission during his lifetime. Afterwards, his son Alexander the Great managed to achieve this mission by waging massive campaigns during which he not only conquered Persia but also annexed Greece, Near East and Egypt. In 323 B.C, Alexander’s unexpected death at the age of 33 created a power vacuum, which prompted his closest generals to take over the empire’s leadership. However, due to internal wrangles which developed among them coupled with their leadership incompetence, the empire collapsed and split into three dynasties: Egypt under the Ptolemy’s leadership, Seleucia ruled by Seleucus, and Macedon (Coffin et al. 178). These dynasties varied considerably in their leadership styles, but they still maintained Alexander’s ideals, which contributed immensely to the spread of Greek civilization in the Middle East. Hellenistic period comprised two main features which differed from other civilizations. One of them was the large-scale aspect, which was contrary to the Polis’ period. The aspect entailed the deployment of large armies that consisted of 60,000-70,000 men

The Basques Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Basques - Research Paper Example With the incursion of the modern industrial age, however, in the form of mines and steel mills, much of the Basque tradition has disappeared along with its unique language, Catalan. Over the past thirty or so movements have arise to stop this progressive cultural deterioration and to restore the identity of the Basques—their language and culture—to former glory. These movements, however, suggest a separatist government apart of the central government of Spain, a demand fought violently by separatists groups that have to an extent damaged the Basque cause. The good position in which the Basques now find themselves can only maintained by denying the separatist movement as a radical tool of the past no longer necessary. The Basques: Background and History The homeland of the Basques, known by Basque nationalists as Euzkadi, lays claim to some of the oldest known people in Europe. Their land occupies the area on the French border near the Bay of Biscay and east to the area of San Sebastian. Although over the centuries overrun by scores of invading hordes from the south and east, the Basques remained until the tenth century â€Å"a fairly isolated† (Solsten and Meditz par 3) and distinct cultural group. Divided originally into two autonomous regions, the area was eventually absorbed by the powerful kingdom of Navarre. By the 16th century the kingdom became fragmented and war torn, and the Basque region was subsequently absorbed by the powerful lords of Castile--an event which even today raises the ire of true Basques who see themselves as separate in culture and language from the Castilian majority. Earlier Basque provinces were recognized as separate political entities with fueros, or full local privileges by the central governm ent of Castile and all went smoothly. But with the full centralization of the Spanish state and the protracted Carlist wars of the 1800s, the fueros were abolished, leaving the Basques and their culture at the mercy of various kings. Moves to reestablish the Basque region as autonomous from Castile in the 1930s were thwarted by the bloody Spanish Civil War of the 1930s. (Solsten and Meditz par 3) Worse for the Basques, with the victory of the Falangists over the Spanish Republican army, and the rise of Dictator Generalissimo Franco, the Basques became targets of Franco’s frenetic attempts to extinguish their language and culture and force them into the Spanish mainstream. With Franco’s death in the 1970s restrictions on the Basques and their culture were largely lifted, but feelings of absorption by the central Spanish regime remained an issue. For the Basques, their unsettled history from the mid-1900s onward has been one â€Å"clash† after the next with the â €Å"other Spain.† They resent the influx of heavy industrial activity—mines and steel mills—activity which brought a steady stream of non-Basque migrants to further dilute the language and culture. This steady decline of culture, while accepted by some, has been the root of serious violent disagreement over time between the Spanish government at large in Castile and hard core separatists in the form of the well-publicized terrorist activities of the ETA and its membership. The Basques: Politics Firstly, it is important to note that what constitutes being a Basque does not require residency in Spain or the Basque region. Many Basques, for a variety of reasons include those economic had left Spain over time and settled all over the world. As with other nationalities which have dispersed, there is a tendency to continue to identify with the group. This is sometimes true of the Basque, and sometimes not. In Belgium, for instance, there is a strong tendency to follow political

Literature review-------the reason of the talent flows from a state Essay

Literature review-------the reason of the talent flows from a state owned bank to a private bank - Essay Example Harnessing and understanding the knowledge of the employees, helps in improving the ability of the organization by getting the right knowledge to the right people. This leads to the concept of talent management that advocates certain important positions, which are seen to make significant contribution towards the proactive development of the talent pool in order to fill up position and helps the organization to sustain the competitive strategy. In context to the Chinese enterprises talent definition and talent management recognition are quite unclear. After the economic reform in China that started in 1979, the management and structure of Chinese enterprises has undergone dramatic changes and a new type of enterprise namely private-owned enterprises have emerged. The private owned enterprises have become a significant contributor towards the growth of the economy. Presently there are two types of enterprises that are operating in China; the private-owned enterprises and the state-own ed enterprises (Chow, 2004). This literature review focuses on the state owned and private enterprises, the state-owned and private banks in China and the selection and reward system that they follow. 2.1 State-Owned enterprise The State-owned enterprise refers to a business entity that is established by the local or state government and the supervisory officials working in this enterprise are all from the government. Here the state-owned enterprises are signified as the firm that runs wholly through the funding of the state. This definition signifies the ownership status of the state-owned enterprises prior to the reform, where the privatization and corporatization has not been implemented fully. Since mid of 1990s the term â€Å"state-owned and state-holding enterprises† has been used (HDwiki, 2013). The state holding enterprises and state-owned enterprise refers to two different categories. The state holding enterprises are those firms, whose maximum shares are held by the government. On the other hand the sate-owned enterprises are those that are wholly funded by the state. 2.1.1 Performance of State-owned Enterprises The productivity of the state-owned enterprises of China provides a mixed picture. In order to measure the performance of the state-owned enterprises, their productivity and financial performance was compared with the non-state owned enterprises. This evaluation revealed that the state-owned enterprises outperformed as compared to the non-state owned enterprises till 1992. Deterioration in the productivity was noticed in the state sectors after 1992 and the non-state owned enterprises were seen to outperform. A study conducted in 1992 on the consumer electronics, cotton textiles and garment industry to find the efficiency or the absolute level of total productivity of the state-owned enterprise found that the technical efficiency of the non-state owned enterprises were same as that of the state owned (Li, 2008). A study conducted by Je fferson et al., (2000) found that the efficiency of the state-owned enterprise reduced as compared to the collectively owned enterprise and the foreign invested enterprise. On the other hand when the financial performance was evaluated through various types of ratios related to tax on assets and profit, it was seen that until 1990 the performance of

Assignemt 4 ,investing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Assignemt 4 ,investing - Essay Example The company places significant importance on innovation. This gives the company a cutting edge in comparison to its competitors. M.A.C cosmetics also defined as Makeup-Art and Cosmetics. The company was initiated by Frank Toskan and Frank Angelo in the year 1984. The concept of M.A.C was perceived initially by Frank Angelo. Toskan was a celebrated makeup artist and Angelo was the proprietor of chain of hair salon. The common interest in fashion shared by both brought the two together in creating the brand M.A.C. Angelo and Toskan realized the need of a reliable make up brand in the market. Both recognized the need of a makeup brand that was durable, creative and versatile. The makeup was mostly aimed for the makeup requirement at photo shoots. Està ©e Lauder in 1994 gained the controlling interest in MAC and the acquisition was settled in 1998. M.A.C is now one of the celebrated brands of Està ©e Lauder. In 1994 the MAC AIDS was introduced. The year before MAC was acquired by Estee Lauder Frank Angelo due to health complications passed away and Toskan also chose to exit from the company. MAC religiously don ates 100% of their selling profit from their brand Viva Glam to the MAC AIDS fund. John Demsey was appointed at the post of Group President in the year 2006. He is currently responsible for the brands M.A.C, Sean, John, La Mer, and Jo Malone, Bobbi Brown, Prescriptives under the Estee Lauder group. In the year 2005 Mr. John Demsey was appointed as Global Brand President of Estee Lauder after his appointment as the President and Managing Director of M.A.C from the year 1998. From the year 1991 till 1998 Mr. Demsey has held several positions with Estee Lauder, including the post of Senior Vice president of Sales and Education (Estee Lauder, USA & Canada). Before joining Estee Lauder Mr. Demsey worked for Revlon, Alexandra de Markoff , Lancaster cosmetics and Borghese Mr. Demsey currently also holds several executive retail positions

Discussion Questions Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 17

Discussion Questions - Assignment Example the community as well as that of its employees, being honest in their operations and ensuring that their operations do not harm the community, its environment or its economy. These obligations ensure that organizations uphold integrity in their operations and benefit their immediate societies (Paetzold, 2009). The approach of the second organization has several advantages that include creating a positive image of the organization to the public. Additionally, this approach can be used as a marketing strategy to reach more potential customers. The main advantage of the approach taken by the first organization is that it minimizes on costs. However, the approach may create a negative image of the organization. An organization’s responsibilities within a community differ from an individual’s responsibilities in several ways. While an organization is liable for all the actions that its employees take on its behalf, this is not the case with individual responsibilities. This makes the responsibilities of an organization to have a wider scope than those of individuals. Additionally, an organization, unlike individuals, risks incurring huge financial losses if it fails to observe its responsibilities. Individual responsibilities, on the other hand, have little financial or economic bearings on individuals (Paetzold,

The Implications of the Security Act of 1933 Assignment

The Implications of the Security Act of 1933 - Assignment Example One of the major factors that make up interest is financial management. Financial management is a basic building block as it measures the health and progress of the business. Moreover, financial ratios depicts the relationship of the figures in income statements and balance sheets to give leverage position, profitability, and productivity which have to be balanced by interest and health business (Dlabay & Burrow, 2008). Low leverage ratio gives a business more money for inventory, the advantage of trade discount and competitive pricing (Dlabay & Burrow, 2008). Accounts receivable is also a factor that makes up interest. The account receivable refers to the total amount of money gained from products or services sold. The account receivable turnover shows how the business collects what is owed to it. It also indicates the liquidity of the receivables which is very important when it comes to interest. Having a good banking relationship is very beneficial for a business. Good banking rel ationship allows a business access better loan terms and interest rates. According to Van (2010), bringing the large share of the client’s wallet is the major concentration of financial institutions sales efforts. This is beneficial to a business since the business can access better interest rates than those advertised to the general public. Depending on the overall banking relationship, a business may get lower interest rates on their time of borrowing and higher interest rates on their time of deposit.

The Castle Doctrine Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Castle Doctrine - Essay Example This argument showcases, according to the report, â€Å"a loss of faith in law enforcement†(â€Å"The Castle Doctrine†). With the police being stretched thin due to an increase in crime, people don’t want to have to wait for law enforcement to come and save them especially if they are in a potentially life threatening situation. The New Castle Doctrine takes away the â€Å"vulnerability† that people feel in an increasingly violent world and makes them feel safer(â€Å"The Castle Doctrine†). Having this doctrine to back them up is important in order to prevent someone who was merely defending themselves from going to jail as people have the basic right to protect their own lives, their loved ones, or their property. There are a few different arguments which make up the reasons as to why the New Castle Doctrine is essentially a license to kill. The first reason is that people simply aren’t very well educated on what this particular doctrine covers in terms of the situations when a person can defend themselves with deadly force. Most people simply look at this law and believe that they will be protected no matter what as long as some sort of crime was committed. Ultimately, this leads into the second argument against the New Castle Doctrine as this type of legislation basically turns people into vigilantes who take justice into their own hands regardless of the situation. This is illustrated in the case of the gas station clerk who shot a man after he stole a case of beer(â€Å"The Castle Doctrine†). The New Castle Doctrine allows a person to exact their own vengeance even if the punishment does not fit the crime. Finally, those against the New Castle Doctrine believe that it will r eally hurt the legal and court system within the country as many of these vigilantes are being acquitted of any wrong doings due to their claims that they used deadly force because of the New Castle Doctrine. This might lead to a slew of criminals

Romeo and Juliet Essay Example for Free

Romeo and Juliet Essay Romeo and Juliet is a famous and legendary play written by the William Shakespeare around 1595. Romeo and Juliet stands as a great play in its own right. This is a tragic play about a pair of star-crossed lovers Romeo and Juliet. They both pursue their love for each other even though they were related from two power families the Montagues and the Capulets who have been feuding with each other for years. Romeo knew a good thing that he saw it in Juliet. It was the love at first sight. Shakespeare created a tension in a play by gathering Romeo and Juliet and it increases, as the hatred between the Montagues and Capulets continues. Eventually the play turns to tragic end because both, Romeo and Juliet die at the end and it brings tears to the eyes of the audience. There are many ways in which Romeo and Juliet can be directed. Every production is a right interpretation by the director, the actors and the audience. The director plays an important role in making a movie he/she has to visualise the scene in order to decide how and when a certain scene should take place, also its directors job to instruct the actors on how to bring the script to life. He also has to figure out that what kind of setting would create an atmosphere most suited for a particular scene. As a director, I will decide to give film adaptation to Romeo and Juliet act 2 scene 2, instead of staging it in theatre because Shakespeare created the setting that were blowing in the Elizabethan audiences mind. They lived in an aural society where that needed little visual source to understand, whereas we live in a modern society where television and film visual impact is what appeal to a modern audience. Also by giving the film adaptation, I could express my ideas more clearly with the help of camera and will be able to give special effects such as lighting and background music. Before to act the scene, director has to decide that whether he/she wants to modernise the scene or not, and this is why I have decided to keep the original language and change setting into modernise setting. Also I have decided to change the location of the play from the original setting but the theme will be the same. I have chosen Lahore (one of the city of the Pakistan) for setting of this scene because Pakistan is famous for its different cultures, traditions, different ethnic groups and arranged marriages. All theses characteristics of Pakistan will connect to the play when Romeo and Juliet would come from different ethnic groups and Juliet will be forced to marry Paris. Another reason why I selected Lahore as my setting is because in Lahore, balconies are very common and the way they have built are very nice-looking and attractive and act 2 scene 2 is the famous Balcony scene of the most renowned in all of Shakespeare. Another reason of choosing Lahore is because there are beautiful gardens, fountains and the moon and stars sparks very bright at night, which would provide an excellent background for the balcony scene. I will change the costumes of the actors to make the scene even more motivating. I would like Juliet to wear white blossom robe, as it is a symbol of her virginity. I will also change the clothes of Montague and Capulet; Montague will wear white shirts with grey coats and grey trousers, whereas Capulet will wear red shirts with blue coat and blue trousers. This will make clear to audience that who relates from which family. I will give some romantic music when Romeo sees Juliet come to the window because it will have a great influence on the audiences mind and will realise the excitement that will be felt by the Romeo for his love. When Romeo will be leaving to Juliet, I will make this part of the scene very romantic by making Romeo to kiss Juliet, also I will be shown light on them, which will raise the importance of their separation. Also I will make use of the modern props such as machine guns, revolvers, tanks, latest cars instead of swords and horses because it would keep the audience active and would create the effect of the modern world. The language used by the Shakespeare is very passionate, romantic and sexual. For example It is my lady, O, it is my love! O, that she knew she were! It shows the Romeo love for Juliet is becoming very powerful. O, speak again, bright angel! for thou art As glorious to this night, being oer my head As a winged messenger of heaven Unto the white-upturned wondering eyes Of mortals that fall back to gaze on him When he bestrides the lazy puffing clouds And sails upon the bosom of the air Here Romeo really believes that Juliet is angelic. An angelic is the glorious to the night because it appears in a glory a halo surrounding and emitting from its body. The angel moves with the effortless ease, lighter than clouds, more graceful than ship sailing on the swelling bosom of the ocean. And Romeo speaks of all this as though he has actually seen an angel and is now looking upon another. O Romeo, Romeo! wherefore art thou Romeo? Deny thy father and refuse thy name; These phrases are spoken by the Juliet. Of course shes not actually speaking to Romeo (she has no idea that Romeo is here), but she is so much in love with him and she doesnt really mean him to reject his name, she only desires to be with him. Or, if thou wilt not, be but sworn my love, And Ill no longer be a Capulet Here Juliet is ready to sacrifice her family, if he will just swear loves her; she will give up the name of Capulet. Looking at the Shakespeares poetic, romantic, passionate language I have decided to keep the language same because it is very appealing to the audience and draws audience attention very rapidly. Act 2 Scene 2 illustrates the strength of the Romeo and Juliets love. In this scene they both express their love for each other and agreed to marry with each other. When they both agreed for married, Juliet was not even 14 years old but still she had an absolute quality of the language and thought. At that time, the head of the household was the sole ruler and decided where to marry his daughter or son. Many marriages were based on suitability, not on love. In conclusion, film is most attractive and romantic way to express the love of two younger, Romeo and Juliet. Romeo and Juliet tried so much to stay with each other but fate didnt allow them, and at the end they both died. This play is tragedy like others of Shakespeares such as Macbeth. Eventually after the death of two innocent lovers, two evil families Capulet and Montague decided not to fight ever.

Social Psychology Essay Example for Free

Social Psychology Essay I think that Social Psychology can only explain some of why football hooliganism happens; I don’t think it is the only reason. I think another main cause of football hooliganism is â€Å"over-excitedness†, and the fans just become immersed in the moment. This, when mixed with passion for the game, I think, is another vital cause for football hooliganism. To summarise I thinkâ€Å"concoction† of passion and â€Å"over-excitedness†, and Social Identity Theory are the reasons football hooliganism occurs. Social Identity Theory has a real world validity which is shown at football games as football hooliganism is common in some countries, such as Poland, and can be applicable to a lot of cases of football hooliganism. Social Identity Theory can be used to find out why there is violence at football games. Furthermore, A range of studies have shown support of the idea that people are willing to see their group as better in some way than other groups. Tajfel, for example, replicated his experiment with a variation to prove that his findings were reliable. There is also a practical application, in that the theory helps to explain a wide range of social phenomena, such as football hooliganism. Social identity theory doesn’t take into account other factors which might be influencing behaviour, for example Dobbs and Crano in 2011 showed that under some circumstances there is much less in-group favouritism than suggested by Tajfel. The theory also doesn’t explain why there are individual differences in the level of prejudices shown. There are also other possible explanations of prejudice which might offer a fuller account of prejudice, for example the Realistic Conflict Theory which sees Social Identity Theory as only part of the explanation. It suggests that it is not just the creation of two groups that leads to prejudice, but that they need to have a goal in sight for conflict/prejudice to develop. Secondly, there is a theory that when humans have their sense of humanity taken away from them, and they are in turn treated as if they are animalistic. This can be used to prove football hooliganism because they are in conflicting goals and therefore they are fighting like animals in order to receive the prize of a football victory. In conclusion, I think that the use of Social Psychology can be used to understand and, more importantly, prevent football hooliganism. This is because the Police could use Social Identity Theory to understand what they needed to do in terms of policing the stadium, keeping peace and where to â€Å"shepard† the fans. This could possibly reduce the amount of prejudice and discrimination at a football match, and therefore, using Social Identity Theory, reduce the amount of football hooliganism. However, I believe that football hooliganism isn’t a result of just Social Identity Theory; I think passion for the game, as well as â€Å"over-excitedness† has a part to play too.

Impact of Einsteins Discoveries

Impact of Einsteins Discoveries TOPIC: DISCUSS THE IMPACT OF EINSTEIN’S INVENTIONS ON SOCIETY INTRODUCTION Albert Einstein is one of the most celebrated scientists in history. His work helped bring a new era of discovery and knowledge to the area of physics. However he is not just known for his famous equation for the conservation of energy and matter or his theory of relativity. Throughout his career he became the Edison of physics helping to contribute many important pieces of physics to our understanding of the universe and how it works. Without Einstein’s inventions we would be further behind in physics than we are now. There are two major contributions he made in physics. The most interesting correlation was his visionary view of the universe and how it works. Many believed that Einstein has been able to construct a mental image of the universe and used this as the basis of much of his works. Every time he makes a new proposal the experiments and data would prove making him the da Vinci of the 20th century. Many articles have been written about Albert Einstein for the universe. HISTORY OF EINSTEIN Albert Einstein was a German theoretical physicist. He developed the general theory of relativity, one of the pillars of modern physics. He is best known in popular culture for his mass-energy equivalence formula E=mc2. He received the Nobel Prize in physics for his services to theoretical physics, and especially for his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect. Albert Einstein was born in Ulm, in the kingdom of Wurttemberg in the German empire on 14 March 1879. His father was Hermann Einstein, a salesman and engineer. His mother was Pauline Einstein. The family moved to Munich in 1880. Albert Einstein attended a catholic school from the age of five for three years. When he was eight he was transferred to the luitpold gymnasium, where he received advanced primary and secondary school education until he left Germany seven years later. On 17 April 1955, Albert Einstein experienced internal bleeding caused by the rapture of an abdominal aortic aneurysm, which had previously been reinforced surgically in 1948. He took the draft of a speech he was preparing for a television appearance commemorating the state of Israel’s seventh anniversary with him to the hospital, but didn’t live long enough to complete it. Einstein refused surgery saying;†I want to go when I want. It is tasteless to prolong life artificially. I have done my share it is time to go. I will do it elegantly.† He died in the hospital early the next morning at the age of 76, having continued to work even till the end. During the autopsy, the pathologist of Princeton hospital removed Einstein’s brain for preservation without the permission of his family, with the hope that scientist would be able to discover what made him so intelligent. Einstein’s remains were cremated and his ashes were scattered at an undisclosed location. INVENTIONS OF EINSTEIN Einstein’s invention changed the world in a variety of ways and while most people know the man is one of the many geniuses to ever live, most people don’t know exactly what he did or invented. The following are most of Einstein’s invention: The Refrigerator: this is one of the most important inventions in the society by Einstein. This was incredibly important because it allowed people to store food in a cold place for an extended period of time, rather than forcing them to eat it on the spot or lose money when the foods spoiled. The refrigerator also helped reduce diseases among people who would occasionally eat rotten food because they didn’t know or were hungry and didn’t have any other option. The Theory of Relativity: this theory is also known as E=mc2 which is Einstein’s best invention, as it is what led to the ability to create nuclear fusion. This invention has two opposite effect, as it allowed people to harness energy but also allowed people to build the nuclear bomb. Why the Sky is Blue: Einstein solved this question by calculating the scattering of light from molecules. He proved this by conducting a simple experiment. Quantum Physics: this theory is called the photoelectric effect. This showed that when a quanta of light strikes atoms in metal, electrons are released. This was the basis for quantum physics, which Einstein also invented through his experimentation. Formula for Brownian motion: this is one of his early inventions, based on experiments he did while he was in college. He described the Brownian motion as the movement of particles in liquids. No one has documented this effectively till Einstein came. IMPACT OF EINSTEIN’S INVENTIONS ON SOCIETY Though Einstein did not write his most important essays for practical use or personal profit, his unique thoughts on light, time and space have led to many technological innovations which appear to us today to be quite normal. Many people associate Einstein with the development of the atomic bomb or nuclear energy. In 1905, Einstein was indeed the first person to prove that atoms actually exist. And in his most famous formula that E=mc2, he showed that the mass of atoms contains enormous quantities of energy. But this theory was only of indirect importance of the atomic revolution. His ideas had much direct influence on inventions such as the television, for example. It is thanks to his special theory of relativity that we are able to receive such sharp images today. Electrons are accelerated in a television and according to the theory of relativity, the mass of electrons thereby increases measurably. Digital cameras can only take pictures because they contain sensor which converts light into electricity. The principle can be traced directly back to Einstein, who explained the photoelectric effect. Not just that, his work form the basis for the development of all equipment which converts light into electricity from digital cameras to solar cells which also made him win the Nobel Prize in November 1922. All the technologies which involve the use of laser beams are based on Einstein’s theories. Einstein was the first to recognize the principles of monochrome, bundled laser light. Satellite-assisted positioning systems on earth, so-called GPS, make use of Einstein’s idea. Einstein’s influence on present day inventions is still effective till now. Einstein played an important role in pending quantum computer technological revolution. He recognized that particles can be in different states at the same time. POSITIVE IMPACTS OF EINSTEIN’S INVENTIONS Albert Einstein’s major contribution to science has extracted the positive impacts. One of his impacts is his early work on relativity dealt only with systems or observers in uniform motion with respect to one another and is referred to as the special theory of relativity. In 1911 he asserted the equivalence of gravitation and inertia, and in 1916 he completed his mathematical formulation of a general theory of relativity that included gravitation as a determiner of the curvature of a space time continuum. Another of Einstein’s impact is the invention of photons and the quantum theory. He postulated light quantum, upon which he based his explanation of the photoelectric effect, and he developed the quantum theory of specific heat. Although he was one of the leading figures in the development of quantum theory, Einstein regarded it as only a temporarily useful structure. Einstein wished his theories to have that simplicity and beauty which he thought fitting for an interpretation of the universe and which he did not find in quantum theory. NEGATIVE IMPACTS OF EINSTEIN’S INVENTIONS Albert Einstein published his special theory of relativity and his general theory of relativity was made public in 1915. He did not directly participate in the invention of atomic bombs but as we go on we will get to know that he was instrumental in facilitating its development. He declared that large amount of energy could be released from the small amount of matter, with the equation E=mc2. Though bombs were not what he had in mind when in published his equation. Einstein’s greatest role in the invention of the atomic bomb was signing a letter to President Franklin Roosevelt urging that the bomb be built. As the realization of nuclear weapons grew near, Einstein looked beyond the current war to future problems that such weapons could bring. He wrote to physicist Niels Bohr in December 1944,†when the war is over, then there will be in all countries a pursuit of secret war preparations with technological means which will lead inevitably to preventative wars and to destru ction even more terrible than the present destruction of life.†[Clark, pg. 698]. In November 1954, five months before his death, Einstein summarized his feelings about his role in the creation of the atomic bomb:†I made one great mistake in my life†¦ when I signed the letter to president Roosevelt recommending that atom bombs be made, but there was some justification –the danger that Germans would make them†.[Clark, pg. 752] CONCLUSION Albert’s intellectual growth was strongly fostered at home. His mother, a talented pianist, ensured the children’s musical education. His father regularly read schiller and Heine aloud to the family. Uncle Jakob challenged Albert with mathematical problems, which he solved with deep feelings of happiness. More significant were the weekly visits of max Talmud from 1889 to 1894 during which time he introduced the boy to popular scientific texts that brought to an end a short-lived religious phase, convincing him that a lot in the bible stories could not be true. A textbook of plane geometry that he quickly worked through led on to an avid self-study of mathematics, several years ahead of school curriculum. REFERENCES â€Å"The legend of a dull-witted child who grew up to be a genius† Albert Einstein archives. Retrieved 23 July 2012 Whittaker, E.(1955).†Albert Einstein. 1879-1955†. Biographical memoirs of fellows of the royal society. Hans-josef kuepper. †list of scientific publications of Albert Einstein†. Einstein-website.de.retrieved 3 April 2011. The Columbia electrons encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright 2012, Columbia university press. Richard Rhodes, the making of the atomic bomb. Ronald clark, Einstein: the life and times, the American institute of physics albert Einstein website â€Å"Albert Einstein inventions† by Irving Oala 29th may 2011, tech and gear. NASA star child biography of Albert Einstein,† was Einstein a space alien?† article

The Effects Of Ufos On People Essay -- essays research papers fc

The Effects of UFO's on People Almost every civilization in history that has kept a written history has recorded the sightings of strange objects and lights in the skies. These objects have been described as glowing wheels, colored balls of light, and disk shaped objects. Today unexplained aerial phenomena are generally referred to as unidentified flying objects (UFO's) or flying saucers. The effects of extra terrestrial sightings can have an adverse effect on people if influenced the wrong way. No solid proof has shown that UFO's are real, but many sightings cannot be proven otherwise. The media, stories, or one's own experience may often influence what one believes. The government once stated that they had captured extra terrestrials. (60 minutes, CBS) On the contrary, most scientists now agree that almost all sightings and stories of extra terrestrials are not authentic. The United States government has records of thousands of UFO sightings since 1948, including photos of alleged UFOs and interviews with people who claim to have seen them. Since UFOs were considered a potential security risk, the report on these sightings was originally classified as secret. (Craig, 917) When the report was later declassified it showed that 90 percent of all UFO sightings could be easily explained. Most of the sightings turned out to be celestial objects, such as stars or bright planets like Venus, or atmospheric events such as auroras or meteors falling through the atmosphere. Many other sightings turned out to be objects such as weather balloons, satellites, aircraft lights, or formations of birds. Often these sightings were accompanied by unusual weather conditions. Only 5.6 percent of these cases were not explained. Testimonies by people are often very inaccurate and dramatized. People have the tendency to explain everything they see, which is not usually completely accurate. The unaided human eye can be tricked into hallucination and has an inaccurate depth perception. Reflections from windows and eyeglasses can provide an optical illusion of a UFO. Radar is much more reliable to identify objects, but it cannot detect many characteristics that separate natural phenomena and physical objects. Radar often picks up ionized gas, rain, or thermal discontinuities. Electronic inter... ...s visiting Earth from somewhere out in space, it is safe to say that humans are alone in their home planet. It is possible that this theorem will be proved wrong in the future, but until then all any person can do is guess, hope, and wait. What the future holds for Earth may not be what is expected, but until then scientists will be examining all the evidence to help provide a better future for the home to life as we now know it. Works Cited "Unidentified Flying Objects" World Book Encyclopedia, 1992. Page 19, volume U- V, 1992 Craig, Pat. "On Nevada's Extra Terrestrial Highway." Tribune News Service August 19, 1996: Page 819 from InfoTrack/Super Tom+. On CD-ROM. Foster City, CA: Information access, 1997 "Unidentified Flying Objects" Groiler's Encyclopedia, 1994. Page 17, volume U-V, 1994 Woolard, John. "UFO Investigators Scoff at Abduction Claims." Tribune News Service, September 12, 1996. Page 912 from InfoTrack/Super Tom+. On CD-ROM. Foster City, CA: Information Access, 1997 60 Minutes, CBS Television Network. April 4, 1997 Heaven's Gate Home Page, http://www.aeok.com/heavensgate/index.htm Steve Edwards, 1

Skiing Essay -- Argumentative Persuasive Papers

Skiing The sport of skiing is dated back nearly 4,500 years. It began as a hunting technique for hunters in the Artic Rim tracking down game. Soon after, the Viking King Harald, in Iceland, used skiing not just for hunting, but for pleasure as well. The sport soon became competitive in racing, and wagers were placed on it. From here the sport spread across forty countries making it one of the fastest growing sports of the time (International Skiing History Association, 2004). It soon caught the attention of the local people of Flagstaff, Arizona. Lying on ancient volcanic ruins, the Flagstaff community began skiing the hills of Snowbowl in 1938 (International Skiing History Association, 2004). The Snowbowl ski area is made of up the extinct volcano, which is more than three million years old. Snowbowl is located in the highest mountains of Arizona, with a summit of 12,633 feet. In 1979, the mountain of Snowbowl was finally approved for additional construction of the ski area, expanding it a nd adding new features (The Sedona Dream Maker, 2003-2005). The Hopi and Navajo Tribes opposed this decision immensely for the sake of their heritage and beliefs lying on this very mountain. But, the Forest Service decided to go forth with it because they agreed to let the mountain have multiple uses, such as the recreation they were approving. Presently, the ski area has up to 30,000 to 180,000 visitors a year depending on the snowfall, according to Christopher McLeod for High Country News, September 11, 2000. With the technology of snowmaking now, the area is prone to expansion with the vicinity growing with each year. Last year Snowbowl ski area was open for a total of four days in the season of 2003-2004. This hurt the area immensely... ...r. â€Å"Sacred Land Film Project.† High Country News 11 Sept. 2000 McLeod, Christopher. â€Å"About the Project.† Sacred Land Film Project. 1999-2004 http://www.sacredland.org/historical_sites_pages/sfpeaks.html. Rayner, Lisa. â€Å"Save The Peaks.† Flagstaff Tea Party. 2002 http://www.flagteaparty.org/Publications/Headlines/Pages/2002/July_2002/July02 hub.html. USDA Forest Service. Arizona Snowbowl Upgrade Proposed Action. United States Department of Agriculture and Coconino National Forest Proposed Conf., Sept. 2002, Flagstaff, Arizona, 2002. USDA Forest Service Coconino National Forest. â€Å"Arizona Snowbowl Improvement Draft Environmental Impact.† Coconino National Forest. Tuesday, 26 Oct. 2004 http://www.fs.fed.us/r3/coconino/nepa/index.shtml. Winkelsten, Phil. â€Å"Local Attractions.† Sedona Dream Maker. 2003-2005 http://www.sedonadreammaker.com/sedona_attract.html.

Analysis of the Chase Scene in Blade Runner Essays -- Film, Movies

The chase scene is a key part of the film as it influences the viewer's overall opinion of the main character, "Roy". Throughout the film "Roy" is interpreted as the "villain" and "Deckard" seen as the "hero". However this scene creates sympathy for "Roy" and portrays him as a saviour figure. Ridley Scott, the director, does this using a range of technical, cultural and symbolic codes. These are the semiotic codes this essay will explore. Technical codes are the use of technical techniques used to create a certain atmosphere, mood or feeling. For example a Blue Filter is used to set a melancholy feel putting forward the image of "Roy" having "the blues". Cultural codes are themes or techniques used in media that are linked in some way to: religion, culture, events in history or previously published books and films (media). An example would be Ridley Scott's use of neon signs (TDK), behind "Roy" at the end of the chase scene. This suggests links with Tokyo, a main focal point for manufacturing goods. Symbolic codes use words, objects and images to represent a certain emotion or idea. In this case their main purpose is to provoke sympathy. An example would be "Roy's" black Nazi style coat symbolising/portraying him as an evil character. To begin the scene, the mood is set by a blue filter. This is a technical code: provoking the emotion of sadness. This effect creates sympathy for "Roy" because the atmosphere is dismal and melancholy. Likewise the establishing shot is in soft focus, another technical code creating a gentle, calm mood, which contrasts with the violence later to come. These two techniques toget... ...s meanwhile show he feels yet again as a human does and hence the viewer relates to "Roy" and therefore empathises with him. Finally he dies and a dove flies away out of his hands, representing peace and "Roy's" soul. But does "Roy" have a soul? This is one of the many rhetorical questions the viewer is left to think about. It is not a spoken question, it is an open-ended sign, there is no limit the audiences' interpretation; it is a mere guide to their emotional response. To conclude I think the piece is extremely successful in making the viewer feel sympathy for "Roy" through each semiotic code. The issues raised about "Roy" through these leave the viewer in suspense with unanswered questions like: Was "Roy" programmed to have emotional responses? What are his rights? Maybe he was man made. But aren't we all?

Kate Chopin’s Short Stories Essay

Kate Chopin is often catalogued as an insightful writer who saw ahead of her own time. Her work is filled with examples of the powerful forces which are at play in the human spirit and which go beyond the conventions of society. Chopin captures the ineffable essence of human relationships, outside the rules of social order. Thus, in many of her stories, Chopin tackles marriage as a social convention that acts as a constraint on the life of the individual. Notably, her stories do not usually have intricate plot developments, but rather focus on life scenes where certain revelations or awakenings occur. The Story of an Hour and The Storm are two of Kate Chopin’s best known pieces of short fiction, both taking up the theme of marriage as their main focus. Ripe Figs is a very brief sketch, which does not focus on marriage, but which, as it shall be seen, shares in the lyrical and revelatory quality of the other two stories. Thus, the three stories offer an important perspective on Chopin’s work: the author focuses on revelation or awakening as the central point of her discourse. Revelation can take many forms, but in Chopin’s works it is a short escape from the stream of life, somewhere outside the quotidian of existence. The Story of an Hour, Chopin’s best known short fiction, is, as its title emphasizes, the story of a very brief moment in a woman’s life. The text tells the story of Mrs. Mallard who finds out suddenly that there has been a terrible railroad accident and that her husband is on the list of the victims. Her first normal reaction is to burst into tears and isolate herself in a room. The withdrawal into this room, away from the others, and the pleasant, cheerful view out of the window bring a sudden realization upon her: the death of her husband actually means freedom, the freedom to live for herself only and to enjoy her own life. The story obviously has potent feminist connotations, as Mrs. Mallard discovers freedom for the first time, freedom from marriage as a compelling social institution and from her role as a wife. This awakening is all the more powerful as the woman realizes that she feels liberated despite the love for her husband and despite his gentleness towards her. She does feel grief, but under the influence of the tranquility of her own room and peaceful view she has from her window, she has the revelation of a life of freedom for her inner self: â€Å"She knew that she would weep again when she saw the kind, tender hands folded in death; the face that had never looked save with love upon her, fixed and gray and dead. But she saw beyond that bitter moment a long procession of years to come that would belong to her absolutely. And she opened and spread her arms out to them in welcome. †(Chopin 260) What Mrs. Mallard welcomes is merely a life dedicated to herself only, in which no sacrifice is required of her. The privacy of her own room symbolizes this future inner freedom that she hopes for. Critic Daniel Deneau interprets Mrs. Mallard’s reaction to the prospect of a life that belongs to herself only, as the action of a powerful and perhaps supernatural force that is apt to transform the woman’s perspective on her own life and on her place in the world: â€Å"This ‘something,’ this ‘it,’ which oddly arrives from the sky, exerts a powerful physical influence on Louise and leaves her with a totally new perspective on her self and her place in the scheme of things. In a limited space, and without the assistance of a psychological vocabulary, Chopin may have been forced to rely on the indefinite, the unidentified, which, as best we can judge, is some powerful force, something supernatural, something beyond the realm of mundane experience or the rule of logic. †(Deneau 212) Mrs. Mallard awakens to a new perspective of herself and her place in the universe, which is markedly outside the conventional social order. The revelation is all the more baffling as it is connected with a tragic event related to the death of a husband. Chopin thus ignores convention and focuses on the liberated human spirit that can find itself outside the ties of society and tradition. More than an awakening, the moment is also accompanied by a feeling of abandonment. This is significant because Mrs. Mallard abandons herself to her own, hidden longings and sentiments: â€Å"When she abandoned herself a little whispered word escaped her slightly parted lips. She said it over and over under her breath: ‘free, free, free! ’ The vacant stare and the look of terror that had followed it went from her eyes. They stayed keen and bright. Her pulses beat fast, and the coursing blood warmed and relaxed every inch of her body. †(Chopin 260) The strong emotion that she feels at the news of her husband’s death causes an inner quake that brings her own hidden desires to the surface. She is now prepared to live for herself, since it is the first time she actually escapes from the constraints of the social self and gets a glimpse of her own inner life: â€Å"There would be no one to live for during those coming years; she would live for herself. There would be no powerful will bending hers in that blind persistence with which men and women believe they have a right to impose a private will upon a fellow-creature. †(Chopin 260) The ending of the story is all the more dramatic as after the brief confrontation with her own self and the happiness felt at her impending freedom, Mrs. Mallard suddenly sees her husband returning home. Significantly, the rest of the family misunderstands the woman’s seizure and eventual death upon seeing her husband alive, as a sign of shock and incredible joy. Society thus reacts in a conventional way and is blind to the revelation that has come upon Mrs. Mallard. The Storm also focuses on marriage, only from a different point of view. Again, the story focuses on a very brief but intensely revelatory moment in the life of a woman named Calixta. It is not accidental that Chopin uses a storm as the background for the amorous and passionate encounter that takes place between Calixta and an old lover, Mr. Alcee. The storm symbolizes here freedom and unleashed passion, a moment of disturbance in nature’s calm. The outbreak of the storm and its short but tumultuous moment coincide with the unexpected encounter of the two lovers who had obviously been separated very long. Mr. Alcee’s visit to Calixta seems both unexpected and unusual, as the two appear to have kept their distance for a very long time. As in The Story of an Hour, Chopin targets here social convention and conformity. Thus, the two lovers are both married and therefore their brief moment of passion is obviously adulterous. Moreover, they come from very different layers of society, a fact which is emphasized primarily by the language style that they use in conversation. These two breaches of morality and convention are all the more striking as the story is written at the end of the nineteenth century when social behavior was very closely monitored. According to Bert Bender, the social order is violated in order to assert the unification between the human and universal rhythms, symbolized by the two parallel acts, the sexual encounter and the storm: â€Å"The Storm is remarkable not only for the freedom it asserts in the face of the suffocating conventionality of the 1890’s, but for the lyrical ease with which it unites human and universal rhythms to celebrate ‘the procreative urge of the world. ’ The story realizes Kate Chopin’s dream of woman’s renewed birthright for passionate self-fulfillment. †(Bender 261) Like The Story of an Hour, this text celebrates the rights of human passion to exist outside the impositions of society. The discoveries that the two lovers make are similar to those obtained by Mrs. Mallard in the previous story. Here, the two lovers share not only their passion but also a moment of freedom and revelation, in which they overcome their obedience to social convention. Calixta’s body is associated to a lily to emphasize the woman’s belonging to the spirit of nature itself: â€Å"They did not heed the crashing torrents, and the roar of the elements made her laugh as she lay in his arms. She was a revelation in that dim, mysterious chamber; as white as the couch she lay upon. Her firm, elastic flesh that was knowing for the first time its birthright, was like a creamy lily that the sun invites to contribute its breath and perfume to the undying life of the world. †(Chopin 345) The image of the body as a white lily in the ‘dim, mysterious chamber’ underscores the state of revelation which animates the two lovers. Moreover, the idea of ‘birthright’ is very significant, as it alludes to the rights of the natural human being unenclosed by the laws of society. Chopin thus manages to capture the intensity and sensuality of the lovers’ encounter as a moment of absolute liberation. As in The Story of an Hour where Mrs. Mallard had abandoned herself to her own, yet unknown feelings, here the two lovers abandon themselves to passion and to one another without interrupting the moment with any thoughts of regret or guilt: â€Å"The generous abundance of her passion, without guile or trickery, was like a white flame which penetrated and found response in depths of his own sensuous nature that had never yet been reached. †(Chopin 345) What is more, the two lovers do not feel any guilt after their love making either. The text thus closes with the return of Calixta’s husband and his son after the storm and then with the affectionate exchange of letters between Mr. Alcee and his wife. The lovers are suddenly and completely reintegrated into their families once the storm ends. This fact emphasizes even more the idea that the passion they share briefly is a revelation of their true selves and that after this moment is passed they return to their customary social roles. The third story under analysis here, Ripe Figs, is short text which also focuses on a momentary life scene. Here, the theme is not that of marriage or human relationships. The protagonists are a young girl, Babette and her grandmother, Maman – Nainaine. However, the story shares the lyrical quality of the other two texts and the parallel between the rhythms of human life and that of nature. The grandmother who counts her time with the aid of seasonal succession seems to live outside the hassle of modern life, in a space and time that obey natural rather than artificial laws. The story thus underlines primarily the coincidence between the rhythms of nature and those of the human spirit. Another focus of Ripe Figs is the relationship between the young girl and her grandmother, as representing stark differences in age. Babette is young and restless ‘as a humming – bird’ while the grandmother seems to live outside the course of time: â€Å"But warm rains came along and plenty of strong sunshine; and though Maman-Nainaine was as patient as the statue of la Madone, and Babette as restless as a humming-bird, the first thing they both knew it was hot summer-time. †(Chopin 174) For Maman – Nainaine, the heat and impatience of youth have gone, and she seems to live in a privileged cyclic motion of nature. Like the other characters presented in this analysis, the grandmother has been liberated from the immediate laws and requirements of life to live in conformity with nature. She thus guides her granddaughter according to the rules of seasonal cycle, choosing the ripening of figs and the blooming of the chrysanthemums as her references in time: â€Å"’Babette,’ continued Maman-Nainaine, as she peeled the very plumpest figs with her pointed silver fruit-knife, ‘you will carry my love to them all down on Bayou-Boeuf. And tell your tante Frosine I shall look for her at Toussaint–when the chrysanthemums are in bloom. ’†(Chopin 174) There is therefore a substantial difference between the young girl who waits impatiently for the future and the progression of time and the grandmother who lives in the cyclic motion of nature. The story therefore reveals the contrasts between the young and the old age as well as a significant parallelism between the life of nature and the human spirit. The three stories under analysis, The Story of an Hour, The Storm and Ripe Figs disclose essential aspects of Kate Chopin’s fiction. The main purport of Chopin’s works is thus to show the connection between the life of nature and the human spirit, in the form of sudden revelation or the escape of an individual from the quotidian existence. Chopin’s works are therefore psychologically modern, focusing on the relationship between the true human self and the social self. What is striking about the stories is that the stories always have an unconventional content. Far from suggesting any guilt in her characters, Chopin emphasizes their sense of liberation and freedom. Furthermore, the author chooses to present this sudden liberation in the form of revelation. The characters in her stories do not necessarily flee from burdensome, dreadful situation. Mrs. Mallard and Calixta are both comfortable if not thoroughly happy in their marriages. However, in Chopin’s view, the chains imposed by society have to be repelled in order to attain a sense of one’s true self. It is in this moment of revelation that the characters finally get a sense of their own nature and manage to escape the pressure of social convention. Works Cited: Bender, Bert. â€Å"Kate Chopin’s Lyrical Short Stories. † Studies in Short Fiction. Vol. XI (3) 1974. 257-266. Deneau, Daniel P. â€Å"Chopin’s The Story of an Hour. †The Explicator 61 (4) 2003. 210-214. Chopin, Kate. The Awakening and Other Stories. New York: Oxford University Press, 2000.

Research Change Models Essay

To make meaningful and semipermanent swap in an presidential term, an face take to follow the guidelines of a compound model, a diagnostic instrument, and permute intervention. This idea forget discuss deuce win over models, deuce diagnostic instruments, and two interpolate interventions. transmit poseursThe two compound models discussed in this paper atomic number 18 Lewins remove Model and the performance enquiry Model. Both of these models piddle a map on how to manufacture potpourri. Lewins model simplifies the process into ternion stairs while the live up to look for Model consists of eight locomote. Both models terce figures look for arrange, changing signifier, and solidification soma (Luckett, 2003).Lewins Change ModelLewin veritable unmatchable of the very first models for reassign management (Luckett, 2003). He stated at that place atomic number 18 two types of people in an organisation those who resist shift and those who filter out fo r change (Luckett, 2003 JPC, 1995 Spector, 2007). He stated the two companys need to be of equal ginmill to maintain homeostasis (Luckett, 2003 JPC, 1995 Pellettiere, 2006 Spector, 2007). When both groups of people are equal, a frozed state (freeze) is achieved. Lewin (as cited by JPC, 1995) states a driving force is needed to each streng past the driving forces or mince the restraining forces to achieve change (para 3). Spector (2007) states, to break the neighborly habits that support existing patterns of behaviors, effective executing call for to start with dissatisf operation, disequilibrium, and discomfort (p. 29). When oneness side is strengthened and/or one side is weakened then change (move) behind be achieved.During this time, the organization goes by dint of redesign, new roles and responsibilities, and new relationships are make (Spector, 2007). After the change, or movement, is consummate, the organization then needs to go back to a state of homeostasis (refre eze). Bridges (2003) echoed Lewins three stages to organisational change in his ap flowee of the stages Ending, losing, letting go neutral zone, and new-sprung(prenominal) Beginning (Bridges, 2003, p. 5 as cited by Stragalas, 2010, p. 31). Lewins model with its three move may be too simple for many organizations to achieve change. Without a less(prenominal) ambiguous map, the organization may non be able to sustain change.Action Research ModelThe Action Research Model consists of eight steps worry identification, consultation with behavioral science expert, selective teaching gathering and preliminary diagnosis, feedback to key guest or group, phrase diagnosis of problem, joint action envisionning, action, and selective information gathering by and by collection (Boonstra, 2003 Luckett, 2003). The last five stages merchant ship be perpetual. After the last data gathering, the organization should return to feedback to key invitee or group. Once the feedback is birthn, the group may want to continue by and through the next steps. Whereas the diagnosis is completed through the unfreeze in Lewins model, in the Action Research model, diagnosis is completed during the problem identification, consultation, and data gathering steps (Luckett, 2003, p. 25).The changing phase for Lewin is the move step. In the Action Research model, the changing phase occurs during the feedback, joint diagnosis, action planning, and action steps (Luckett, 2003, p. 26). In Lewins model, the solidified phase takes place during the refreeze. In the Action Research model, solidification takes place during the gathering aft(prenominal) the action (Luckett, 2003, p. 26). Moreover, the continual process of feedback outline solidifies the changes as the occur (Luckett, 2003, p. 27). Unlike the Lewin model, Action Research allows for perpetual epitome that facilitates adjustments in the organizations change plan (Luckett, 2003, p. 28).symptomatic InstrumentsDiagnostic instrume nts, or assessment instruments, are utilise for data collection and to analyze an organization. Without a proper diagnosis, change is very liable(predicate) to fail (Pellettiere, 2006). Alderfer (1980) states organizational diagnosis issue in thither orderly phases entry, data collection, and feedback (p. 460). The entry phase consists of identifying who will embark in the assessment and if an agreement dissolve be reached (Alderfer, 1980). The data collection phase consists of assemblage the information and then analysis of the information (Alderfer, 1980). The feedback phase consists of sharing the results with the organization along with suggestions for the organization (Alderfer, 1980 Preziosi, 2012).The feedback should consist of strengths and weaknesses at heart the organization (Alderfer, 1980). Salem (2002) states there are three type of assessments structural assessments, running(a) assessments, and process assessments. Structural assessments are a snapshot of a spe cific point in time, operable assessments relates antecedents with actions and outcomes, and process assessments consists of collecting data over an extended design of time (Alderfer, 1980). fancy up Analysis study Anlysis is an acronym which stands for strength, weakness, opportunities, and threats (Balamuralikrishna & Dugger, 1995 Boonstra, 2003 Hughes, 2007 Mind Tools, 2012 RapidBI, 2010 Renault, 2012). According to Balamuralikrishna & Dugger (1995), a SWOT analysis should cover the internal environs and external surroundings. In regards to education, the internal purlieu consists of faculty and staff, the learning environment, current students, run budget, various committees, and research programs (Balamuralikrishna & Dugger, 1995, para. 13). External environment complicates propective employers of graduates, parents and families of students, competing civilizes, population demographics, and funding agencies (Balamuralikrishna & Dugger, 1995, para. 14).SWOT analysis woul d be very beneficial to school system of ruless. Understanding an organizations strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats assists the organization and their leaders to breach a plan of change that will be meaningful, measurable, and achievable. Balamuralikrishna & Dugger, 1995 give many drawbacks to the SWOT analysis. They censure against misusing information to justify a previously stubborn course of action rather than employ as a means to plainspoken up new possibilities (Balamuralikrishna & Dugger, 1995, para. 19). They overly warn against being too concerned slightly labels. For example, in many instances threats can also be considered opportunities depending upon the mindset of the leader and/or organization (Balamuralikrishna & Dugger, 1995). in operation(p) Assessment practicable assessments are another diagnostic pricking useful to organizations. Functional assessments look at antecedents, behaviors, reasons for the behaviors, and outcomes (Salem, 2002). Ant ecedents describe what happened before the behavior. The behavior refers to how a soulfulness(s) or organization responded to the antecedent. The next move one must ask is why did the person(s)/organization act this way? on that point are several reasons a person or organization responds the way they do. However, there are only a a few(prenominal) categories for any given behavior attention, evasion/escape, and control/tangible (McConnell, Cox, Thomas, & Hilvitz, 2001). Finding the logical thinking behind a behavior can be very important in overcoming a behavior/ resistor to change or to repeat desirable behaviors to change. Problems associated with functional assessments often revolve around overleap of direction. What does the organization do with this data? Functional assessments should be followed by goals. Goals are semipermanent change for an organization. To achieve their goals, organizations need to develop short-term wins, also called objectives.Change InterventionsCh ange interventions are the planned programmatic activities aimed at delivery changes in an organization (Sadhu, 2009, para. 1). Interventions are expand maps to service of process an organization achieve its long-run change.Aligning Reward Systems through ObjectivesObjectives are a road map to achieving an organizations long-term goal. Objectives need to be SMART specific, measurable, achievable, realistic, and apropos (Morrison, 2010). As employees or other stakeholders action objectives, a reward system should be set in place. The reward system needs to be appropriate and balance with regard to the objective and motivate the organization to meet the objective(s) by the deadline. Problems with reward systems include over compensating, under compensating, and the reward not being meaningful to the recipient (Cole, Harris, & Bernerth, 2006 Morrison, 2010 Nevis, Melnick, Nevis, 2008 Sadhu, 2009. mansion Management InterventionMorrison (2010) states there are benefits of embraci ng resistance. He states embracing resistance can speed up the change process, help build strong relationships, help all stakeholders to meet some of their avow personal goals, and keeping leaders from fetching untimely or foolish action (Morrison, 2010, para. 22). Johnson (1992) developed a table with 4 quadrants to depict change initiators and resisters for both individualistics and teams. use this table helps organizations to see the unharmed picture, reasonableness where individuals and the organization as a whole is at this time and how to get it individuals and teams from diametrical opposites to common ground so change can be made (Morrison, 2010). Downsides to star sign Management Intervention include loosing individual creativity and freedom as healthy as neglect of personal needs (Morrison, 2010).ReferencesAderfer, C.P. (1980). The methodology of organizational diagnosis. Professional Psychology, 11(3), 459-468. inside10.0033-0175/80/1103-0459. Balamuralikrishna, R., & Dugger, J.C. (1995). SWOT analysis A management tool for initiating new programs in vocational schools. Journal of Vocational and proficient Education, 12(1), 5 pages. Retrieved from http//scholar.lib.vt.edu/ejournals/JVTE/v12n1/Balamuralikrishna.htm. Boonstra, J. (2003). Dynamics of organizational change and learning. Chichester Wiley. Cole, M.S., Harris, S.G., & Bernerth, J.B. (2006). Exploring the implications of vision, appropriateness, and execution of organizational change. Leadership & nerve Development Journal, 27(5), 352-367. doi http//dx.doi.org/10.1108/01437730610677963. Holt, D.T. (2002). Readiness for change The development of a scale. Ph.D. dissertation, Auburn University, Alabama. ProQuest digital Dissertations database. (Publication No. AAT 3070767. Huges, M. (2007). The tools and techniques of change management. Journal of change management, 7(1), 37-49. doi 10.1080/14697010309435. JPC (1995). An ethical, means based, approach to organizational change. JPC Media LLC. Retrieved from www.jpcmediallc.com. Linkage (2012). Diagnostic instruments and assessments. Linkage. Retrieved from linkageasia.com/our-leadership-consulting-expertise/diagnostic-instruements-assessments/ Luckett, M.T. (2003). Organizational change and development. (Unpublished dissertation). Walden University, Minneapolis, MN. McConnell, M.E., Cox, C.J., Thomas, D.D., & Hilvitz, P.B. (2001). Functional