Essay On International Business Trade - 2050 Words

This report will outline the competing perspectives on Britain’s continuing trade outside of the European Union membership, will also be considering at least one other EU members national perspective on the management context of European/International business trade. It will summarise the impact of the EU integration on business, discussing possible proposal of recommendations for problems, and finally discussing the important economics models with examples. The British individuals have settled on the most critical decision for a generation by voting for Brexit on the 23rd June 2016. According to BBC news, â€Å"leave won by 52% to 48%†. In order for the UK to leave the EU it needs to conjure an agreement called Article 50 of the Libson Treaty†¦show more content†¦Therefore, as you can see, from the table above these countries each have their own agreements with the EU, a few options that the UK could consider are explained in detail below (Fig:1) For example; Norway is in the single market, and have freedom of movement and makes EU budget contribution. Switzerland is partially in the single market, accept free movement of people, they do contribute to the EU however they pay a smaller amount than Norway. Canada have tariff trade deals, as well as WTO and Turkey, however Turkey does not on industrial goods. 1). Norwegian Model The choice to leave the EU has pushed the UK into uncharted trading territory. The main alternative frequently supported by supporters of Brexit, is joining the European Economic Area (EEA) which was founded in 1994 to provide European nations that are not part of the EU an approach to become members of single market. The UK have got themselves in a messy situation but the way forward may not be. There are few alternatives they can choose from. One of the options is the Norway option, the Norway option gives the country full access to the single European market without being a fully paid – up member. The Norway model will also mean that Britain becoming members of two key European organisations, the European Economic Area (EEA) and the European Free Trade Association (EEFA). Joining the EEA would mean the UK would still contribute to the EU’s budget. Additionally, the UK wouldShow MoreRelatedQuestions On International Trade Theory1332 Words   |  6 Pagesnumber: 201109990 Module name: International business Module code: MKIB 225 Essay question: Why do businesses internationalize? Compare and contrast the various â€Å"standard† theories . Word count: 1051 Why does business internationalize? With the development of international business, countries with the purpose of increasing the variety of local products had been trying best for decades to trade with other nations. Furthermore, international trade theories were developed to explainRead MoreCultural Differences Of Business Practices1625 Words   |  7 PagesWith increasing economic globalization recently, there are more opportunities for business but yet brings some challenges because stakeholders become more geographical diverse and the market is bigger than before. Companies are also facing cultural differences when they enter into different countries. Culture is an important part of human society composing of knowledge, beliefs, art, morals, laws and other habits. Cultural differences are the variations in what people have, think and behave betweenRead MoreBusiness 115 Final Exam Study Guide Essay1334 Words   |  6 PagesThere are 5 essay questions worth 20 points each. Be sure to save and save often while you are working on the exam, and submit the exam when you are finished. To earn full credit your response to each essay question should answer the question completely and average 2 – 3 paragraphs in length. The exam reflects the following course objectives and possible topics: TCO 1 Chapters 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 13 and 15 Weeks 1, 2, 4 and 5 Given a description of a typical business, demonstrateRead MoreInternational Business factor1439 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Since the Second World War, international business appeared as the main economic factor responding to postwar needs. Nowadays, globalisation has increased the facility of international exchange and has risen the multicultural needs.The increase in demand for international products has resulted in large possibilities to do business abroad. However, it is really complicate to import or export without knowledge in this area. Global business is all of the commercial exchanges which involve more thanRead MoreThe Second Key Driver Manipulating The Spread Of Globalization894 Words   |  4 PagesThe second key driver manipulating the spread of globalization is technological change. The reductions of international trade and investment barriers made globalization of markets and globalization of production a theoretical possibility; technological change made it a visible reality (Hill, Cronk, Wickramasekera, 2014). Over the years, there has been major technological development. There are three major technological advancements, include microprocessors and telecommunications, the internet andRead MoreThe Impact Of Management On The Globalization Of Business900 Words   |  4 Pagesthe globalization of business. The multinational corporation The impact of globalization on international business International business refers to a wide range of business activities undertaken across national borders. Along with rapidly increasing globalization, international business has become a popular topic and has drawn the attention of business executives, government officials and academics. International business is different from domestic business. At the international level, th e globalizationRead MoreThe Economic Aspects Associated With Globalization1467 Words   |  6 Pages Quoted by the Financial Times as the â€Å"integration of economies, industries, markets, cultures and policy-making around the world†, globalisation has thrived in recent years owing to developments in communication, transportation and trade, accompanied by the enhancement and increased use of information technology. Whilst at first glance this could be regarded as beneficial, it has nonetheless provoked a number of high profile and often violent protests of late. Notably the biggest anti-globalisationRead MoreWhy I Learned About International Business974 Words   |  4 PagesThere were many things that I like about the class and there was nothing that I did not like at all. The things I liked about the class were reading the book Chosen. I really enjoyed being able to learn about International Business. This course was for semester five students but I was able to get in and I am glad that I was. One of the reasons I like the class was also that the teacher Rabih Hitti was e asy going and kept the class engaged in the discussions and made the class stay awake for the 1:30Read MoreBenefits And Harms Of International Education For Both Home And Host Countries1071 Words   |  5 Pages the international movement of student or academic staff between countries. It can be understood as the international link between nation states, governments or institutes to achieve better education program. (Ninnes P. Hellsten M. (eds.), Internationalizing Higher Education, 120-121). The International Education has grown strongly in Australia for the last few years. At the same time, it has a direct impact on Australia and home countries such as China. Based on the research, this essay arguesRead MoreThe Impact Of Globalization On Business Activity Communications And Movements Of Individuals Over The National, Political And Geographic Boundaries1401 Words   |  6 PagesGlobalisation, in the most basic sense, could be defined as the growth of business activity communicat ions and movements of individuals over the national, political and geographic boundaries (Johnson et al. 2014). According to Hill, there are two main facets of globalization, includes globalization of markets and production (Hill, Cronk, Wickramasekera, 2014). The historically different and distinctive national markets are integrating into a single huge global marketplace in which the perceptions

Freedom of Religion or Belief in Russia - 1799 Words

This paper will present freedom of religion or belief in the Russian federation context. It will focus on how religion is practiced in Russia, the relationship between people with different religious practices, tensions cause by differences in religion, and government interventions towards religion and belief. The Russian Federation like any other state constructed laws that regulate freedom of religion and belief. Different state construct different law based on; customary law, statutes, court presidents, administrative regulations and many more, while Russia chose the constitution. According to The Constitution of Russian Federation (1993), â€Å"Everyone shall be guaranteed the right to freedom of conscience, to freedom of religious worship,†¦show more content†¦Although Russian’s freedom of religion and belief is protected by law; discrimination and inequality still exists. Some religious beliefs and practices are undermined. Individuals are not treated equally because of what they believe in. The state representatives and other members of the general public prevent individuals from enjoying their freedom of religion. State representatives attempt to defend freedom of religion on paper, while creating contradictory statements, and implementing policies that prevent re ligious freedom. This is marked by a report in New York Times in, 16/09/2000. According to the report; state representatives gathered to discuss whether two neighboring Pentecostal churches should be legally registered. The two churches were judged on their religious practices, which is something prohibited by the Russian law of religion. The report also revealed that, the two churches were not allowed to be legally registers because it is assumed they use ‘psychological manipulation’. It was not only state representatives, that were against the religious practices of these churches, the courts were also involved. The court imposed very intense decisions on them. According to theShow MoreRelatedReligion And State During Soviet Russia1467 Words   |  6 PagesRELIGION AND STATE IN POST SOVIET RUSSIA. INTRODUCTION Religion has had a special history in Russia, having to go through periods of total control over the society to being reduced to nothing when the political power wanted to be the only thing people could believe in. By 1988, the persecutions against the clerics and the believers stopped in the USSR. Since then, the religious landscape has been evolving in Russia and former soviet republics. Religion takes a specific place in society, and playsRead MoreRussian And American Lives : Russia1044 Words   |  5 Pageshistories. Russia, also known as Russian Federation, is the largest country in the world. It is made up of 9 various time zones and shares its land borders with 14 neighboring countries. America, known as the United States of America, is only the third-largest country in the world with a total area of 3,806,000 square miles. It also includes 4 time zones. The early history of Russia, similar to those of numerous nations, is one of moving people groups and old kingdoms. In fact , early Russia was notRead MoreReligious Persecution and Discrimination1220 Words   |  5 Pagespractice freedom of religion rights worldwide. One of the most horrific examples of discrimination resulted from discrimination against Jews, and was called The Holocaust. Catholics have been denied presidential positions merely for being Catholic. Islams have been accused of being terrorists even though many are kind and loving people. The religious groups have all experienced many horrid incidents during which the people of these religions were detained from the right to freely practice religion. DiscriminationRead MoreRussias Condition before the Bolshevik Revolution1001 Words   |  5 Pages In the late 19th century Russia had been notably behind Europe economically, they weren’t in possession of the modern farming technologies that could efficiently provide for a large country. As a result 90% of the Russian population were peasants (Massey, 4). The serfs lived in deep poverty; they didn’t have the appropriate apparatus to produce enough crops and most of their landlords had unbelievably high demands. In an effort to reform the economy’s recession tsar Alexander II liberated the serfsRead More Russian Culture: A look at its Religion and Art Essay example1206 Words   |  5 PagesRussian Culture: A look at its Religion and Art Mankind has always aspired to be the largest, biggest, strongest, highest, essentially the best in everything. This is not untrue for the Russians who have had the largest country in the world for quite some time now. Russia covers one-sixth of the entire world’s land mass and has had a significant part in modern history. However, in order to understand why a country has become what it is now, one must look at its culture. A country’s culture notRead MoreThe Conflict Between Church And State Essay1446 Words   |  6 Pagesbeen struggles with cultural differences, a revised Nicene Creed, a struggle for independence, a fight for control. The State has had to deal with hostel take overs, new political parties trying to gain control. We have even seen attempts to wipe religion out, completely remove it to create an atheist society. There will always be a struggle with the State trying to control what the Church does and the Church trying to control what the State does, es pecially when political issues involve moral andRead MoreEssay on Western Civilization1179 Words   |  5 Pagesthis course in terms of progress, they will be religion, humanism, individualism and secularism. I will discuss these concepts within the countries of England, France, and Russia, and show my point of view on each. Religion was very dominant throughout the early history in England, especially during the 16th and 17th centuries. This started to change during the late 17th century, when people started focusing more on human reason rather than religion. One of the reasons that people started losingRead MoreThe Integration Of Immigrants Into American Religious Life1147 Words   |  5 Pageswhich experienced high levels of immigration. From countries such as Poland, Ireland, Russia, and Germany. Many of these ethnic groups were Catholic and Jewish parishioners. Immigration impacted American’s religious life in the nineteenth century be result of immigrants religious traditions, the establishment of new laws coinciding with religion, and biblical criticism, which affected society’s view point on religion. All immigrants have origin stories, which impacted their new homelands. For exampleRead MoreRomes Contribution to Todays Society Essay934 Words   |  4 Pagesoutgrowth of Judaism, one of the three major monotheistic religions (Judaism, Christianity, and Islam) practiced during the Roman era. Monotheistic beliefs established its roots as early as 800 B.C. when the Judaic Israelites lived under Babylonian captivity after the end of the reign of King Solomon (Kagan, et. al., 1995, 28.). Eventually, this triumvirate of religions developed as separate and distinct faiths but shared the core belief that there was one God, who reigns supreme over all creationRead MoreThe End of Absolutism in Europe Essay examples814 Words   |  4 PagesDuring the late 17th and early 18th century, many European nations such as France and Russia were absolute monarchies. Even countries such as England had kings who at least attempted to implement absolutism. Indeed the concept of absolutism, where the mo narch is the unquestionably highest authority and absolute ruler of every element in the realm, is certainly appealing to any sovereign. However, this unrestricted power was abused, and by the end of the 18th century, absolutism was gone. Absolutism

The Murder of Emmett Till Free Essays

Clearly, the murder of Emmett Till was a major part of the Civil Rights Movement because it had opened the eyes of citizens who had believed there was no difference living as a person of color than there was living as a white person. The Emmett Till case was about a young boy who was visitings some relatives up in Money, Mississippi. He rode in a car with a few other cousins and family members around his age (14) to Bryant’s Grocery and Meat Market, when one of Emmett’s relatives had recommended that he attempt to get with the clerk of the store. We will write a custom essay sample on The Murder of Emmett Till or any similar topic only for you Order Now However after attempting to flirt with her he left unsuccessful and gave her a kiss on her cheek. The clerk then told her husband about the encounter and how she was approached as Emmett made unwilling advances upon the clerk. As Emmett left the store he had bragged about how he â€Å"Got a Date† with the clerk, his relatives were instantly worried for his safety warning him that it was dangerous to make advances on white people, especially women. After being taken to the home in which his relatives lived in, there was commotion at the door, then all of a sudden. The clerks husband and his brother in law had barged into the room where Emmett was sleep and drug him outside and beat him to near death. They had thought of taking him to a hospital and giving them a fake story about how they found him beaten up, but decided he was a lost cause and tied a cinder block to his ankle and dropped what was left of him down the Tallahatchie River to sleep with the fishes. After three days of the kidnapping of Till they had found his body in the Tallahatchie River, the only way they knew it was him was by the ring on his finger, a ring his father had given to him. The news had spread around Till’s family quickly, and his mother demanded his body be brought back to chicago so he can be buried properly. She had also requested that the funeral had an open casket to show the 50,000 people that attended the funeral just what those men had done to her son. She had later set up a trial to put the two men who had murdered her boy behind bars, however after hours of the court arguing who did what and who didn’t do what, the two men were found not guilty for the murder of 14 year old Emmett Till How to cite The Murder of Emmett Till, Papers

Occupational Health And Safety Management - Free Sample Solution

Question: Write an essay on Health and Safety? Answer: Literature Review Introduction In this contemporary world, both nationally and internationally the health and safety issues of the employees and workers are the major concerns to every organization irrespective of any business they are attached with. Achalli, Shetty Babu (2012) commented on the essential fact that measures as well as strategies are thereby designed and taken in order to minimize, control, prevent as well as eliminate the occupational risks and hazards. In order to keep pace with the modern technology and economic conditions of the organization, several organizations are keen to make several improvements within the workplace. As per mentioned by Bas (2014) in order to safeguard these workers and employees from workplace hazards and accidents, Occupational Health and Safety Act came into existence. As per the law, organization is bound to take safety measures to take care of the health and safety of the employees and workers. Moreover, according to the outlook of Ceballos, Gong Page (2015) the organizations have a management team that are totally concerned about the occupational risks and health issues. The management team thereby keeps a hawk eye to value the safety within the workplace along with also take measures for prevention of any kind of occupational violence within the workplace. Apart from this, Bhatt Seema (2012) also commented that the employees and workers are also given sufficient trainings regarding the occupational safety and also are trained to face these risks and accidents. This also helps in facing the risks to some considerable extent. Even the management also is in a continuous process for improvement, expansion and updating of the safety measures within the organization. This assignment will be dealing with the occupational health and Safety, OHAS Act, kinds of occupational hazards and requirements of occupational health and safety measures. In addition to this, management of occupational health, operational measures and steps taken for prevention occupational hazards will also be discussed vividly. Occupational Health and Safety Derickson et al. (2015) commented on the essential piece of information that it is very natural that when employees and workers are working within an organization, mishap or accidents can happen. This is because; it involves mal functioning of any machinery or chemicals that may lead to severe accidents within the workplace. It is quite natural that working with heavy machineries in a manufacturing and production organization, working in a laboratory with chemicals, or in any organization where fire can break out due to short-circuiting can lead to huge accidents. So, as per opined by Findsen (2015) occupational health and safety measures need to be taken sincerely and positively for the welfare of the employees and workers. It is a major responsibility of the organization for its employees and workers and it is bound to maintain the responsibility to its maximum extent. According to the outlook and opinion of Ford Tetrick (2011) implementations and improvements of the measures are one of the major concerns of the organization apart from gaining profits. Both nationally and internationally, it is now days a matter of concern and hence organizations take it seriously as an inseparable part. It is even the responsibility of the organization to see, check; maintain the systems, machineries, wirings and every property of the organization that the workers, labors and employees use on the everyday basis. As per mentioned by Guidotti (2013) in every organization it is mandatory to keep a strong management that is only concerned with the occupational health and safety of the employees, labors and workers. A successful organization is always concerned about it and hence this also motivates the employees to work with more productivity. On the other hand, Ghosh (2013) also commented that workplace violence which is also a part of occupation health and hazard also needs strong hands for the welfare of the workers and employees. There were organizations where the labors and employees are beaten and hurt for wrong outputs and not giving proper outputs. So, as opined by Johnson (2011) it should be acknowledged that the organization needs to have both responsibility and authority to prevent all kinds of violence, torture and risks within the organization. Prevention of these helps the organization and the workplace a healthy place to work in for the employees, labors and workers. Occupational Violence As per commented by Gibson (2014) the work place violence or occupational violence can be referred to as incidents where the employees are abused, assaulted as well as threatened related to their work. This ranges from verbal abuse, threats and even physical assaults that may sometimes lead to job related deaths. This kind of behavior is a matter of concern since it affects the health as well as safety of the employees. There are certain behaviors that are related to work that easily depicts the employees are facing occupational violence. As commented by Lu Lu (2011) the behaviors are biting, scratching, hitting, spitting, pushing shoving, grabbing, tripping and kicking. Other than this, the employees also face occupational violence through verbal threats, threatening through armed forces and weapons and even through sexual assault. Locally, nationally and internationally in each and every organization it is now days a growing concern for the welfare of the employees. Oliver Foscarini (2013) commented on the essential fact that even the organizations have taken strong steps against the molestation of the employees at the workplace. It is the responsibility of the organizations to maintain the peace and harmony within the workplace. This is because; the employees and workers working in the organization totally rely on the management policy of the organization. Popoola (2013) also had opined strategically that the employees are also trained about facing all these kinds of violence within the workplace. Other than this, it is statistically seen that nearly 2 million of the American workers are sufferers from the occupational violence in the workplace. OSHA Act Occupational Safety and Health or OSHA came into existence in 28th April, 1971. According to the outlook of Rusch, Frazier Atkins (2014) it is necessary for the organization to have a sustainable and healthy workforce within the organization in order to meet up the local, national as well as international level of prestige and position. In US, it is also see that in every two hours, a US worker is silenced forever since they have faced occupational accidents. It is also seen statistically that nearly more than 1millon employees face injuries and nearly 2.3 million of the workers suffer from ill health. Moreover, as per Salisbury (2014) it is also statistically seen that more than 25,000 individuals lose their jobs every year just because of ill health and injury. The records are thereby kept by the management team of the organization in order to see their improvement in their work. Moreover, as commented by Scheid (2013) the occupational health and safety are the major and essential issues that need to be kept in mind of each of the organization for a sustainable growth. As per the Act, the objectives of the act are detection of any kind of work hazards that are related to health and risks within the organization. According to the outlook of Snell, Eagle Van Aerde (2014) periodic inspection of the workplace is done for discovering any kind of hazard and unsecured place within the organization. The simple methods and the techniques along with educating the workers for safe conduction of work are taught to the employees and workers. Apart from this, Scott (2014) also commented that the occupational hygiene also includes the study of toxicology, chemical as well as physical behavior o air contamination as well as designing and evaluation of ventilation systems. So, occupational hygienists are solely responsible for environmental monitoring as well as detection of any kind of exposed risks that may be faced by the employees at the time of working. Moreover, in order to protect the employees and workers from any kind of occupational violence, OSHA Act has taken special steps for protecting the employees and workers to the maximum extent. As commented by Salisbury (2014) the law states that the organization if fails to ensure and maintain the employees safety within and outside the work place within the working hours, then strong legal steps can be taken against the organization. As per the law, it is the sole responsibility of the organization to maintain a safe and secured workplace within the organization. This makes the employees and workers feel safe while within the organization and hence failure of any rules and policy will lead to workplace violence. In addition to this, Terrell, Hartnett Marcus (2011) also opined that the Act also encourages the employees and workers to report as well as log any kinds of threat, violence and hazards the employees face within the workplace. Moreover, the organization also needs to have first aid and safety box within the organization for the workers and employees. Other than this, the victims of occupational violence also need to report the incidents to the local police station immediately. Types of occupational hazards Willey (2014) commented that while working within the organization, each and every labor faces some abnormalities and problems while working in dangerous and uncanny situations. Each and every organization thereby faces some kind of problems and is sometimes working in a situation that is totally unfavorable to them. As per mentioned by Yu et al. (2013) the occupational hazards can be of physical hazards, chemical hazards, biological, mechanical, psychosocial, construction, agricultural hazards etc. These kind of hazards not only the affects the employees and workers life but also makes them impaired through hands, limbs, eyes, ears etc. In this context, the researcher has discussed about several occupational hazards that are discussed below- Physical Hazards- According to the outlook of Yusuff (2014) physical hazards take into account the physical hazards are the common sources of injury that occurs within the organization. These hazards occur from heat, cold, light, noise, vibration, ultraviolet radiation as well as ionizing radiation. These are the unavoidable injuries that the employees and workers face to certain extent that differ the degrees of abnormalities. Zanko Dawson (2011) also commented that heat exposures takes into account the heat exhaustion, heat cramps, heat stroke as well as increased fatigue. Moreover, the heavy industries also take into account the furnaces, boilers and ovens that radiate huge quantity of heat giving rise to hypothermia. This therefore makes the employees work in a very stressful way and even causes impairment to ears and eyes. According to the opinion of Abdulloeva Eyler (2013) the sound of heavy machineries also causes permanent hearing impairment. Apart from this, excessive cold within the workplace also causes rise to breathing problems, asthma etc. The workers exposed to excessive brightness and light also face vision and visual problems. Continuous as well as excessive brightness gives rise to visual fatigue and blurred vision. In addition to this, noise is another health hazard that affects the permanent impairment of the eyes. Moreover, Bagaria Sharma (2015) commented that continuous exposure to the vibration within the organization that is caused due drills and hammers also causes health hazards of the workers and employees. This makes the rupture of the fine blood vessels of fingers and may lead to white fingers. This leads to impairment of the hands of the employees after a certain period of time which leads to the incapability of working of the employees. Moreover, as commented by Berton Novi (2012) this continuous exposure also produces injuries of the hands, shoulders, elbows as well as joints making a person physically challenged after a time being. As a result, the employees find themselves physically challenged after some period of time and is compelled to leave the organization due to physical incapability. According to Byron et al. (2014) the ultraviolet radiation and ionized are both harmful to the workers and employees. These cause intense conductivities, keratitis, redness of eye along with pain and several kinds of skin diseases. Even sometimes, the vision gets totally blurred after sometimes and the employees and workers are compelled to leave the organization due to their physical impairment. Moreover, as commented by Chesney Lindeke (2012) the ionized radiation that is most common in the medicine and laboratory based industries are equally dangerous to the employees and workers. This is because; the radiations from the radio isotopes likely phosphorus32 and cobalt60 affect the employees and workers to the maximum extent. The tissues of bone marrows are dried up, leukemia, ulceration, sterility and even depilation and skin cancers are caused that take away the lives of the employees and workers (Akpan, 2011). Continuous exposure of the employees to these radiations causes diseas es and even leads to death of the employees. Chemical hazards- From the outlook and viewpoint of Gonzalez (2011) the chemical hazards are also the causes of occupation health diseases. The organizations those are dealing with chemicals always experiments with new as well as complex chemicals. Continuous exposure of these chemicals causes occupational hazards that cause the life risks of the employees. According to the viewpoint of Shadab (2014) the chemicals include the allergic compounds and other compounds that causes skin diseases, eczema, ulcers, cancers as well as rashes and allergies. Other than this, continuous inhalation of the dusts causes problems in the respiratory system and hence also causes cardio-vascular blockage and infection in lungs. Even sometimes it may lead to pneumoconiosis, silicosis and anthracosis. As opined by Chesney Lindeke (2012) the chemicals such as aromatic nitro as well as amino compounds like TNT along with aniline that are absorbed through skin and have ill effects on the body. Often, it is also seen that that the particles that are less than 5 microns are inhaled into the lungs and thereby stays over there. This respirable dust is one of the major causes of pneumoconiosis. Other than this the dusts can be easily classified into organic and inorganic dusts along with insoluble and soluble dusts. As per commented by ElSaadawy et al. (2014) the inorganic dusts include mica, asbestos and coal and the organic dusts include jute and cotton. The soluble dusts are not that harmful and hence get dissolves into the system that is later excreted and eliminated from the body through metabolism. But Akpan (2011) contradicted that the insoluble dusts stays in the lungs permanently and causes life threatening diseases. This kind of prolonged exposure of the employees and workers into such kind of dusts and chemicals causes death and serious ailments. Chileshe Dzisi (2012) also commented that gases such as carbon monoxide, cyanide gases, chloroform, and ether. Trichloroethylene, coal gas etc are dangerous within the organization. Other than this, the harmful metals such as arsenic, beryllium, cobalt, manganese, phosphorus, mercury, chromium, zinc etc are the chemical intoxications that require medical treatment of the employees and workers. According to the outlook of Ford Wiggins (2012) that these metals and harmful gases causes several skin diseases, respiratory problems as it also may damage the eyes and face of the employees and workers. Moreover, improper washing of hands and in-taking the food with those unwashed hands also causes food poisoning. Biological and Psychosocial Hazards- As per commented by Safty (2014) the biological hazards as well as psychosocial hazards are also found in general in the workplace. The workers and employees those are working with the animal products are generally prone towards biological hazards. This is because, the diseases that are within the animals are easily transmitted to the people and hence they are also infected from the contaminated animals. According to Shadab (2014) the infection is spread through air and directly affects the employees and workers. The employees and workers are prone to the diseases those are suffering from the infections that are spread through contacts, blood etc. As a result; this may lead to the death of the workers. In addition to this, the psychosocial hazards also arise due to failure while adapting psychosocial environment. There are several factors that affect it such as frustration, insecurity in job, emotional tension, degraded human relationship, cultural backgrounds and social habits. Other than this, Ilesanmi, Omotoso Falana (2015) also commented that the different other factors such as education, expectations from other employees within the organization also causes psychosocial hazards. The hostility, aggressiveness, depression, alcoholism, drug intakes and sickness absenteeism affects the mental health of the employees. These factors kill the employees and workers from inside and as a result they later become patients of psychology. Randolph (2015) opined that as a result the employees are much more prone towards alcohols, smoking and etc. This for a time being helps the employees to stay stable but at the end of the day, the employees are majorly harmed from these ill habits. The lungs, heart, liver, pancreas of the workers and employees degrade which in a long run kills the person. Apart from thus, that excessive work pressure also causes stress to the minds of the people which therefore results in psychosocial hazards. Other than this, it also causes rapid ageing, hypertension, peptic ulcer and heart diseases. Mechanical hazards- Ford Wiggins (2012) commented on the essential fact that the mechanical hazards are also the sources of occupational hazards. It has been statistically seen that nearly 20% of the employees and workers meet accidents due to mechanical faults. From the viewpoint of Gonzalez (2011) the mechanical hazards are generally found in the organizations where it mainly deals with manufacturing and production. Machines are thereby common in the workplace and hence chances of meeting accidents from these machines are also natural. In order to protect these kinds of accidents, it is necessary to oil as well as maintain the machines and the electric lines occasionally. As commented by Ilesanmi, Omotoso Falana (2015) there are several factors that cause mechanical hazards in the workplace that causes the death as well as impairment and physically challenged of the workers, labors and employees. These are the mal functioning of the machineries, along with sudden beak down of the machineries, as well as sudden breakdown of fire. Moreover chocking in the pipelines, compartmental blockages, ill sewage system and blockage in the ventilation system causes mechanical accidents in the workplace. Other than this, as per commented by Shadab (2014) accidents may also occur from short circuiting and breakdown of fire from it. The electrical injuries can be segmented into 4 categories such as fatal electrocution, burns, electric shocks and falls due to coming in contact with high voltage power connections. All these incidents within the organization cause fatal accidents that affect the workers and employees to maximum affect which may also sometimes lead to de ath. Requirements of occupational health and safety measures According to the outlook and opinion of Goldman, Koster Schottinger (2013) occupational hazards causes fatal accidents and even may cause death of the workers and employees. As a result, there are certain requirements of health and safety measures that need to be taken within the organization. This is to ensure the health and safety of the employees those results in maintaining a good and safe working culture within the organization. Achalli, Shetty Babu (2012) commented on the essential fact that it is essential for the organization to implement organizational health and safety norms within the business plans. This is a good experience for the organization as well as for the employees that maintains the safety of both. In this context, the researcher aims in discussing about the essentialities of the safety measures that need to be taken within the organization for the workers and employees. The dynamic management strategies also need to be developed as well as implemented for ens uring the coherence and relevancy within the organization. The requirements of the occupational safety are given as below- Ensure a safety workplace- As per commented by Flores (2015) the organizational safety is an important issue of every organization operating locally or nationally or internationally. This is because; it makes the workplace a safe place where the employees can work safely within the organization. Other than this, the organization aims in making the workplace a better place where the employees aim in getting a safe workplace. As mentioned by Guidotti (2013) the employees are prone towards various kinds of hazards in the workplace that arises from the mal functioning of the machineries, electric lines etc. other than this, working with various chemicals and animals also causes life-threatening diseases to the employees and labors. Randolph (2015) commented on the important piece of information that as a result, this causes fatal accidents and even leads to death of the labors and workers. For avoiding these things, the organization will give safety measures to the customers to the maxim um extent. This will be preventing the employees to the maximum extent and hence will also be minimize the maximum ill effects and causes of workplace accidents. To increase productivity- Guidotti (2013) commented on the important piece of information that the employees and workers find it safe in the organization if they see that the organization is safe in its operation. This makes the employees and workers satisfied and happy from inside and they tend to work more for higher productivity. According to the outlook of Randolph (2015) the workplace can be easily made safe and organized if they see that the machineries are working well and are also oiled and maintained periodically. Along with this, the electric lines also need to be checked properly and systematically. Other than this, the productivity of the people is also increased to considerable extent. This is because, the employees will be happy and well as content that will increase the productivity and also will affect the profit of the organization. As mentioned by Ilesanmi, Omotoso Falana (2015) the better the workplace of the organization, the more the employees will be focused on the productivity of the organization and this will result in higher gain in profits. Moreover, this will also ensure the organization in occupying a prestigious position in the contemporary market and hence employees will love working in the organizations. To motivate the employees- According to the outlook of Goldman, Koster Schottinger (2013) the essential steps also need to be taken for the safety purposes of the employees within the workplace. The employees therefore are motivated through the healthy policies and politics of the organization. The better and safe the workplace will be, the more the employees will be motivated to the maximum extent. In order to in motivate the employees; the organization needs to ensure that the workplace has to be safe and sound for the employees to work freely. These measures help in making appropriate responses from the employees to the organization. The several policies as well as polices help in effectively handling the services in the most hazardous situations. Flores (2015) also commented on the essential fact that in order to motivate the employees, each and every organization aims to give a good and a healthy working place to the workers and employees. This therefore gives a safety feeling in the minds of the employees and the employees feel self content and satisfied that leads to the organizational success to the considerable extent. Management of occupational health In this contemporary world, each and every organization aims in providing healthy and a safe workplace to the employees. As commented by Achalli, Shetty Babu (2012) the organizations aim in having their own management team that is totally concerned about different kinds of occupational hazards within the organization and also take the steps in maintaining the occupational health. It is one of the major concerns of the organization that takes into account the occupational health and thereby also promotes a healthy workplace. From the viewpoint of Safty (2014) this is done to ensure that the employees and workers working in the organization are safe and the organization has taken the responsibility of their safety. In this context, the researcher has explained the several steps taken by the management and the essentiality of the management regarding the occupational health. According to the outlook and opinion of Guidotti (2013) the occupational health and safety measures are an increasingly popular method that is getting importance and popularity among several stakeholders. Different doctors and nurses are thereby appointed by the organization in order to take the safety measures of the employees those have faced accidents from occupational hazards. Other than this, as mentioned by Gonzalez (2011) the management style also helps in motivating the employees as well as keeping a healthy workplace within the organization. In addition to this, the management committee is set up within the work place that also encourages the involvement of the employees. Flores (2015) commented that the management of the organization is also focused on the analysis of the workplace safety. The hazard prevention and control of the organization also focuses on the program that helps in making goals and objectives of the organization According to the outlook of Ford Wiggins (2012) the prevention program of workplace violence is also encouraged and developed by the management of the organization. This program has certain goals and objectives and also aims in preventing the violence in the workplace to the maximum extent. Berton Novi (2012) also commented on the essential fact that the laws, policies, and regulations that is present within the management programs of the organization helps in taking care of the people to the maximum extent and hence helps in evaluation of the program. The requirements are clearly stated within the organizational preventive measures that help in making the workplace safe for the employees. In addition to this, as per commented by Byron et al. (2014) the management team within the organization also analyses the workplace environment, machineries as well as electric lines. These are done on basis of periodic assessments and routines which helps in providing the employees and workers a better and healthy place for working. Moreover, as mentioned by Achalli, Shetty Babu (2012) if any kind of hazards and violence if faced by the employees are reported to the management, it takes strong steps against it as well as also keeps a record of it. Moreover, keeping records of the incidents are analyzed later that helps in keeping a track of the organizational accidents. Operational Measures The management has to take many measures while charting the safety and health policies in the workplace. Every organization has to see that they do not fall short in preventing risks at the workplace which might hamper the employees working and also the operations of the organizations (Markstrm Karlsson 2012). The employers should analyze the job and also the worksite to prevent the hazards from happening. After the analysis of the worksite the management must take proper measures to avert the risks and threats. They should do the following to initiate the operational measures: Identification and evaluation of the control options for the hazards in the workplace. Selection of the feasible and effective control to mitigate or decrease the hazards. Employing the controls in workplace. Following up to make sure that the controls are used and sustained effectively. Evaluation of the control on the basis of the effectiveness and also to see the improvements if they are needed to be updated. The best measure to alleviate any occupational hazards is to eradicate it or to bring up a safer practice of work. These substitutions may be hard to initiate in most environment but not difficult to initiate (Osazuwa-Peters, Azodo Obuekwe, 2012). The operational controls are physical alterations which either eliminates the hazard from the workplace or to create a barrier between the hazard and the worker. In the workplaces where it is feasible there are multiple controls of operations which effectively can control or prevent the hazards of the workplace. These operational controls also include the following strategies: Using barriers which are physical like guards or enclosures or door locks to minimize the exposure of the employee to the hazards. Metal detectors are also a necessity Panic buttons should be installed so that the employees can call for help in case of any risks occurred. This will help the other people know about the hazards and also immediate help might be sending to rescue to the people. A first aid box is very necessary in every workplace in case of any accidents occur while working or handling any difficult equipments. Some workplace also keeps an emergency ambulance to take workers who are hurt during work to hospitals; this is a very good initiative of the companies who employ such measures (Ruibyte Adamoniene, 2014). Proper and additional lighting should be present in every work units so that no worker is hurt due to inadequate light. This will also help them in working properly to avert risks. Manufacturing factories should be properly lightened so that the factory workers are not hurt. There should be more accessible exits in workplace so that in case of emergency every person is able to properly get out of the danger area. In case of fire at workplace these exits are useful to remove people from the area. Regular updating of machines re to be done to check the feasibility of the machines and also if they are appropriate to work on. Oiling of all equipment is to be done so that the machines do not create any sort of hazard during any process of manufacturing (Kortum, Leka Cox, 2011). The operational measures should be site specific and they should also be based on the identified hazards in the analysis of the worksite. Steps taken for preventing occupational hazards (Bas, 2014) pointed that the undesirable effect which work may have on health has severe consequences in regards to the economic and human cost not only for workers and the families of the workers but for the companies and the society also as a whole. So as to share the impacts of these effects EU has created a legal structure to prevent the risks and promote the safety and health measures at work (Siziya et al 2012). The legislation of European Union compels the companies to initiate the social policies to focus on the human being as an individual so as to improve the workers well being while they do their job. The foundation of the requirements in these areas of prevention of risk in workplace is called framework directive; which offers a basis of reference for a sequence of some specific directives that will wrap every risks that is related to the safety and health at workplace. Besides these it also sets the obligations of the workers and their employers with the perspective of developing health and safety issues in workplace (Sirriyeh et al 2012). A well put chart for the prevention of occupational hazards in the workplace is incorporated in an organization to protect the safety and health program, providing an efficient approach to decrease the hazard risks in the workplace (Achalli, Shetty, Babu, 2012). The blocks of constructing the efficient prevention of the occupational hazards include: Commitment of the management and participation Analysis of the worksite Prevention of the hazards and control Health and safety training Program evaluation and recordkeeping. It is to specify that the prevention of violence program at workplace must have clearly defined objectives and goals for averting the hazards in the workplace. The rights and obligations for the prevention and protection from hazards at work are put on three groups: Employer Workers Client Employer The employer of any organization is obliged to ascertain that the safety and health of the workers in every aspect regarding their work and not anything can lessen this responsibility of the employer. The employer should take obligatory steps to protect the safety and health of the workers which also embraces the steps to avert the occupational hazards training and informing the staff and also setting up the important organizational framework to attain these aims (Slater et al 2012). Modifications by the employer should be made to take the alterations into account in the situations and try to develop the existing circumstances. Following are the obligations of the employers in occupational hazards: The first and foremost thing is to prevent risks. They should evaluate the hazards which cannot be averted or lessened. They should combat the risks from its origin. The employers should adapt work to individual by making it certain that the job design, organization, equipment choice, procedures and substances to alleviate the risks from the job that is to be carried out in the outlook of decreasing all the bad effects on the health. Suppose, workers who work in laboratories or in fire brigades the management of the same should make sure that proper apron, helmets, glasses, apparatus, etc are used. The employers must see that the replacements of hazardous elements by things which are not hazardous or by less hazardous things are not same (Sullivan et al.2013). They should perform a risk evaluation for safety and health at work. Workers The employees also have a great deal of responsibilities to avert risks at workplace so as to protect themselves and their co-workers. They should take the adequate training and information regarding any occupational hazards which is given by the employers (Wicks Jamieson, 2014). They should comply and collaborate gently with the policies of the company regarding the health and safety measures. The following are laid down for them: Proper use of the appliances, machineries, equipments, tools, etc. Proper usage of the personal protective items which is supplied to them They should not remove the devices of safety which is needed for some specific installations and machineries (Findsen, 2015). They should immediately report the management regarding any threats or sudden danger at work and also of any inadequacy in the arrangements of the protection. They should perform all the tasks which come with safety regulations and coordinate with their employers to keep their working environment safe from any kind of risks and threats. Client The client should be responsible enough to take proper measures with the intention that the employers from any external security entities who are engaged in work in the company gets adequate data in accordance with the national laws or the policies, concerning the preventive and protective measures for both the establishment and the every post in the mentioned entity (Teclaw et al 2014).. The client should ensure that the workers from the external security firms have received proper instructions from the company regarding the risks on health and safety while they do their work with the client company. The following are important for the client to know: In case of Client Company the employers of the entity should cooperate and coordinate in implementing the health, occupational hygiene and safety provisions seeing nature of the work. They should organize their actions in protection, prevention and matters of occupational hazards. They must inform each other in case of risks They must also inform the respective co-workers in such matters which also includes informing the union head (Yusuff, 2014). Conclusion This assignment deals with the occupational hazards that can occur within the organization. The researcher has well mentioned about the occupational health and safety that prevents the occupational hazards to certain extent. There are various kinds of occupational hazards such as mechanical, chemical, physical, biological as well as psychosocial hazards. This helps in causing risks and accidents within the organization that causes impairment, physically challenged as well as death of the employees and workers. The several kinds of hazards also need to be solved immediately. Even the researcher has well explained the requirement and need of the safety issues within the organization for ensuring the safety of the employees. This is also done for better productivity as well as motivation of the employees. 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