Patton- Fuller Financial Statement Review Essay Example for Free

Patton-Fuller Financial Statement Review Essay The accomplishment of any association is intensely founded on its capacity to fittingly deal with each part of its financials. Those viewpoints incorporate a scope of money related exercises that incorporate the inflow of money and the outpouring of money which can be influenced by various occasions including the raising of income through items or administrations, speculations, buys, obligations and deals to give some examples. With the number occasions that can happen inside a specific announcing period, it is significant that those exchanges be observed and followed so year end reports can mirror the most precise diagram of a the organization’s execution. These occasions and exchanges are recorded and followed through various money related detailing alluded to as budget reports. For Patton-Fuller Community Hospital, data in regards to its monetary exercises is incorporated inside their Annual Report. This report is assembled from fiscal summaries that incorporate their Balance sheet as December 31 for 2009 and 2008(audited) and the Statement of Revenue and Expense 2009 and 2008 (evaluated). Notwithstanding the examined accounting report and the evaluated explanation of income and cost, other money related reports were used by Patton-Fuller which incorporates Balance Sheet as December 31 for 2009 unaudited, the Statement of Revenue and Expense 2009 and 2008 (unaudited), the Statement of Retained Earnings and Stockholders’ Equity and the Interim Statement of Income (unaudited) however these reports were excluded inside the yearly report. In looking at the examined and unaudited reports there were contrasts were seen between the two. For the monetary records, the unaudited accounting report reflects $128,867 under all out resources while the reviewed sheet reflects $127,867. This distinction of $1000.00 is the consequence of the adjustment in current resources announced under the patientâ account receivable while the net remittance for awful obligations was expanded. Because of this change, the all out current resources announced for 2009 changed notwithstanding th e aggregate sum of benefits revealed. Different contrasts were seen in the territory of complete liabilities and value where the inspected accounting report mirrors a decline of $1000.00 which is a change from the unaudited detailing of $588,767 to $587, 767. In evaluating what the impact was of income sources on monetary revealing, the office may have performed judgments dependent on a commitment edge. Using this would show how the association has expanded or decline in deals, benefits, and resources. Further audit of the money related reports demonstrates that on the Patton Fuller Financial Statement there was a tremendous negative decline in the Investment Income. This caused a - 123.48% drop. Different wellsprings of income demonstrated a positive increment from 2008 to 2009. Further audit of the full report mirrors that discoveries that demonstrate that the wellsprings of income and the costs in 2008 were a lot of lower than 2009. The unaudited costs show that there was $41,391 distinction between the two years. The costs that expanded inside the two years were the pay rates and advantages of workers, supplies required, and utilities. Inside this time period from where there was a negative effect, the association had the option to expand income and pivot what had been a negative into a positive. Patton-Fuller Community Hospital has assembled incomes into one class and costs into another. All the income is the thing that they are making from offering types of assistance and the costs are what they need to pay out to keep the medical clinic staffed, supplies, and running. Patton-Fuller gatherings there income via care settings and there are just two. 80% of the income is from inpatient care and the other 20% is from crisis care or outpatient administrations. This sort of collection permits Patton-Fuller to see precisely what they are making for specific administrations they give. All the budgetary reports produced by Patton-Fuller Community Hospital give a review of the company’s exercises that will be valuable in future arranging, controlling, sorting out and dynamic. What's more, they give data to inside and outer examiners that exhibit the organization’s capacity to appropriately follow subsidizes that are gotten and administered. For other outer clients, for example, speculators and banks, these equivalent reports give money related information that exhibits how well an organization is performing and has performed inâ the past. These reports are likewise critical to workers, as the money related soundness of the association is utilized to make conclusions with respect to raises, extension and pay. By and large survey of the announcements, including the yearly report, demonstrates the company’s capacity to be straightforward to both inward and outside clients. In doing so their reports fill in as significant instruments that take into consideration improvement and proceeded with development to happen dependent on the organization’s strategic objectives. References College of Phoenix. (2015). Week Three Learning Team Assignment: Virtual Organizations. Recovered from University of Phoenix, HCS/405-Health Care Financial Accounting course site. Bread cook, J. Pastry specialist, R.W. (2014). Medicinal services Finance: Basic Tools for Nonfinancial Managers, Fourth Edition. Jones Bartlett Learning. Recovered from University of Phoenix, HCS/405-Health Care Financial Accounting course site.

Free Essays on Operation Wetback

â€Å"The demeanor of Mexican Americans toward the foundations liable for the organization of equity †the police, the courts, and related offices †is wary, frightful, and antagonistic. Police offices, courts, and the law itself are seen as Anglo foundations in which Mexican Americans have no stake and from which they don't anticipate reasonable treatment. The Commission found that the mentalities of Mexican Americans are based, in any event to some degree, on the genuine encounter of injustice.† So expressed the United States Commission on Civil Rights in its 1970 report, Mexican Americans and the Administration of Justice in the Southwest. For what reason do numerous Mexican Americans feel such doubt, dread, and antagonistic vibe toward foundations of equity? For what reason do numerous Mexican Americans anticipate out of line treatment under the law? What have been the encounters of shamefulness which have made such perspectives with respect to Mexican Americans? Activity Wetback was a repatriation task of the United States Immigration and Naturalization Service to kill illicit Mexican migrants from the Southwest. What was generally disturbing about Operation Wetback was the underlying misdirection by the INS. One year before the execution of Operation Wetback, the INS had propelled a â€Å"friendly† advertising exertion in the Spanish-talking networks. Migration authorities reached network associations, for example, CSO, ANMA, and LULAC, among others, and attempted to introduce themselves as having another arrangement toward undocumented Mexicans that included helping them to accomplish lawful status. The authorities guaranteed that these undocumented Mexicans could start the way toward sanctioning their status on the off chance that they could show that they would not be an open charge †for instance, by introducing letters from bosses or potential managers. Accordingly, a huge number of mexicanos proceeded to enlist with the INS and given a permiso, to remain and work in the US. Much to their dismay ... Free Essays on Operation Wetback Free Essays on Operation Wetback â€Å"The disposition of Mexican Americans toward the organizations answerable for the organization of equity †the police, the courts, and related offices †is suspicious, frightful, and unfriendly. Police offices, courts, and the law itself are seen as Anglo establishments in which Mexican Americans have no stake and from which they don't anticipate reasonable treatment. The Commission found that the mentalities of Mexican Americans are based, in any event to some extent, on the genuine encounter of injustice.† So expressed the United States Commission on Civil Rights in its 1970 report, Mexican Americans and the Administration of Justice in the Southwest. For what reason do numerous Mexican Americans feel such doubt, dread, and antagonistic vibe toward establishments of equity? For what reason do numerous Mexican Americans anticipate unreasonable treatment under the law? What have been the encounters of foul play which have made such mentalities with respect to Mexi can Americans? Activity Wetback was a repatriation venture of the United States Immigration and Naturalization Service to kill unlawful Mexican migrants from the Southwest. What was generally disturbing about Operation Wetback was the underlying misleading by the INS. One year before the execution of Operation Wetback, the INS had propelled a â€Å"friendly† advertising exertion in the Spanish-talking networks. Migration authorities reached network associations, for example, CSO, ANMA, and LULAC, among others, and attempted to introduce themselves as having another arrangement toward undocumented Mexicans that included helping them to accomplish lawful status. The authorities guaranteed that these undocumented Mexicans could start the way toward sanctioning their status on the off chance that they could show that they would not be an open charge †for instance, by introducing letters from businesses or potential managers. Therefore, a large number of mexicanos proceeded to enlist with th e INS and given a permiso, to remain and work in the US. Much to their dismay ...

The South China Sea Island Disputes

The South China Sea Islands Disputes Name of understudy Name of foundation The South China Sea Island Disputes Introduction China’s ascend to the status of a worldwide monetary force has been seen with both doubt and expectation by her neighbors. Suspicion by nations careful about China’s history of hostility undoubtedly, and trust by nations wishing to profit in terms of professional career associations with China. In any case, it is China’s exercises in both the south and East China oceans that have her neighbors stressing. During the 1970s and 80s, China was worried about denoting her earthly outskirts with nations that encompass her.It was characterizing her fringes that China’s military force was felt. There were fringe encounters among China and a few of her neighbors including India and Russia. Having made sure about her earthbound outskirts, China’s consideration moved to her sea region and its security. She left on the securing of islands i nside the East and South China Sea. It is this development strategic the ocean that has seen numerous debates emerge among China and her neighbors who make a case for similar islands. This extension system has seen debates eject among China and her neighbors who make a case for islands she has acquired.As right on time as April 2012, the Philippine and Chinese militaries about went head to head over an island known as Scarborough Reef. In the East China Sea, China has had a long question with Japan and Taiwan over the responsibility for gathering of islands known as Senkaku in Japan and Diaoyu in China. As late as 2012, Japan and China had a stalemate over these islands. Albeit the two nations have attempted to diffuse pressures over this issue, the danger of contention stays genuine particularly with the association of the United States. Theory Statement Recent political disagreements among China and her neighbors have expanded pressures in the South East Asia regions.Such stalemat es make the danger of contention in the area very genuine particularly with the inclusion of outer on-screen characters, for example, the United States. In any case, it ought not be lost on researchers that China’s guarantee to different islands in both the South and East China Sea is the significant supporter of these pressures. This is prove by the ongoing stalemates among China and Japan over the Diaoyu/Senkaku gathering of islands in the East China Sea, just as strains with the Philippines over the Scarborough Reef and Spratly islands in the East China Sea.This paper offers a foundation to the debates among China and her neighbors over these islands, and especially Diaoyu/Senkaku. It will additionally explore the residential variables affecting China’s decisiveness in both the South and East China Sea and her case to these islands too. At last, the paper will endeavor to paint some likely results of these contentions while simultaneously offering potential arrangem ents. Foundation to the Disputes Diaoyu/Senkaku Dispute. A glance at the world guide won't obviously show the area of the Diaoyu/Senkaku islands. This shows how little these islands are.They comprise of five volcanic islands and three outcroppings found 400 km west of the Japanese island of Okinawa and around 170 km upper east of the republic of Taiwan (Lohmeyer, 2008). In spite of the fact that they are directed by Japan, there is no human home in these islands. Royal China is said to have been the legitimate proprietor of the Diaoyu/Senkaku islands before 1895. Indeed, the name Diaoyu in Mandarin represents ‘fishing ground’ or ‘fishing platform’ (Lohmeyer, 2008). The Japanese name, senkaku, implies ‘sharp point’, and was given to the islands by the nineteenth century Japanese wayfarer, Kuroiwa.However, China lost the islands just as Taiwan to Japan in the Sino-Japanese war of 1895 (O’Shea, 2012). The islands stayed in Japanese hands ti ll the finish of World War II when they fell under the United States order, as did the entire of Japan in the wake of losing the war. Furthermore, the responsibility for returned to China toward the finish of the Second World War yet not these islands. Note that Taiwan and the People’s Republic of China make a case for the islands based on history. At the end of the day, both case that the islands have verifiably been a piece of their domain until they were caught by Japan in 1895.However, none of these nations made an issue of the islands possession until oil stores were found in the East China Sea in 1968. When the U. S restored the responsibility for islands just as Okinawa to Japan, Tensions were at that point developing (O’Shea, 2012). Japan makes a case for the islands dependent on the United Nations Convention on the Laws of the Seas (UNCLOS) guideline of Continuous Peaceful Administration. In spite of the fact that the argument about the islands heightened afte r the U. S gave them over to Japan in 1972 (Beukel, 2011), it was not until the 1990s that this question picked up prominence.According to O’Shea (2012), Taiwan and China were maddened by media reports which uncovered that a Japanese conservative gathering had developed a beacon in Diaoyu/Senkaku, and that the gathering had applied to the Japanese Coast Guard to remember it as an administration property. The fights that followed in both China and Taiwan served to prepare patriot estimations against Japan. China reacted two years after the fact by ordering a sea law called ‘the law of the People’s Republic of China on the Territorial ocean and Contiguous Zone’.It is article two of this law that shook Japan and Taiwan since it expresses that the People’s Republic’s region included â€Å"†¦Taiwan and all islands relating thereto including the Diaoyu islands† (Lohmeyer, 2008). Regardless of Japan’s strategic fights, China has n ot changed this piece of the law. The issue of the beacon acknowledgment surfaced again in 1996 with the Japanese government giving it a genuine idea. Taiwanese and Chinese exercises responded by heading out for the islands. Endeavors by Japanese coast watchmen to capture the exercises came about to the suffocating of a portion of the activists.This episode constrained Japan to permit the activists to arrive on the islands. Japan likewise retired the beacon acknowledgment issue (O’Shea, 2012). In September 2010, the disagreement about the islands emitted with updates on an impact between two Japanese coast watch ships and a Chinese angling trawler (O’Shea, 2012). The group of the trawler was captured by the Japanese coast watch and later discharged, put something aside for the commander. At the point when China discovered that the Japanese specialists intended to charge the commander in court, it suspended the exportation of uncommon earth to Japan among other extreme measures (Beukel, 2011).The circumstance was facilitated by the arrival of the Chinese skipper. The circumstance isn't caused by Tokyo’s move to nationalize a portion of the islands in September, 2012 which was censured by China. China even directed maritime activities in the waters close to the islands, a move Japan named as provocative. Other island debates including China. As indicated by a report by the International Crisis Group (2012), the danger of war in the South China Sea is getting genuine as time passes. This is because of China’s developing self-assuredness in having a special interest in different islands in that piece of the world.These debates pit china with nations, for example, the Philippines, Vietnam, Taiwan, Indonesia, Malaysia and Brunei Darussalam (Buszynski, 2012). The debates emerge from the way that the islands asserted by China are supposed to be inside the Exclusive Economic Zones of the previously mentioned nations. Moreover, there are repo rts of oil and flammable gas stores having been found in the waters encompassing a large number of these islands. These reports encourage the debates further. Albeit oceanic questions exist among China and her South China Sea neighbors, it is Vietnam and the Philippines that have indicated resolve with regards to their claims.The universal Crisis Group (2012) reports that Vietnam and China have twice done battle over Chinese control of islands which Vietnam says are inside her Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ). The principal war occurred in 1974 when China involved the Paracel islands. In spite of the fact that Vietnam is said to have lost this war, she didn't stop for a second to draw in her enormous neighbor in another war in 1988. This was because of China’s control of the Spratly islands. As late as 2011, there were pressures between the two nations over China’s maritime infringement of Vietnamese waters.In request to counter China’s forceful moves, Vietnam has set out on modernization of its military and fashioning of nearer attaches with the U. S, china’s military opponent in the Asia-pacific district. Resolve by the Philippines to oppose China’s control of islands inside Philippines EEZ was seen in April 2012 when the two nations were associated with both military and political deadlocks. The universal Crisis Group (2012) reports that this conciliatory emergency was occasioned by Chinese maritime prevention of Philippine maritime watches from catching Chinese anglers in the Scarborough islands.Obviously, the angling exercises by the Chinese were unlawful, and China didn't need to react as mightily as she did. Moreover, the Philippines, along with Malaysia, have questioned China’s guarantee to the Spratly archipelago (Buszynski, 2012). With the Philippines and Vietnam demonstrating more purpose in their debates with China, the possibilities of harmony in the area lessen as time passes. Household Factors Influencing C hina’s self-assuredness in the South China Sea China’s developing emphaticness in the South China Sea is affected by different local factors.They incorporate Chinese patriotism, the need to make sure about vitality assets, lo

Kantha Industries Essay Example

Kantha Industries Essay Example Kantha Industries Essay Kantha Industries Essay TITLE OF CASE: Stagnation in Growth of Kantha Industry STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Whether the association ought to leave the town for showcasing or arrange presentations inside the town. THE CASE: * multi year old little scope industry in West Bengal. * Main items: Leather, material and different handworks like Kantha join. * Employs 350 laborers, out of which 72 are ladies. They work in gatherings of ten with month to month salary of 400-800 Rs. * Products saw as an extravagance merchandise and not need. * Currently, the wellspring of salary is through shows in close by towns and urban communities. Significant market being Kolkata. Degree: Considered benefits and bad marks of the two options as beneath: ALTERNATIVES: 1. Town presentations: Merits †Overall costs of setting up a display will lessen. Work will be produced. Advancement the travel industry in and around the town. Appropriations from the Government will advance the business further. NRIs will be a significant client base. Novel character of the spot and item. Bad marks †There’ll be lost current client base that is the close by towns and urban areas. Income will be marked down as once it leaves town, its value shoots up. 2. Sort out presentations outside: Benefits more noteworthy incomes as presentations are focused at the urban areas and towns where request exist. Faults Expenses of sorting out displays so up. Proposal: To run the two choices equal for quite a while and over the long haul get rid of displays outside the town once the town shows appears to be attainable and beneficial. End: The association should keep advertising out of town through shows alongside displays inside the town and afterward gradually subsequent to picking up prevalence or doing great business it can proceed with the presentations inside the town and go after craftsmanship retailers and merchants. Official SUMMARY: kantha-join industry in West Bengal, which is a particular sort of beautifying weaving done uniquely by the country individuals of Bengal, has risen as a profoundly rewarding industry, working as a casual area in India. Anyway the individuals who make the flawless examples, subsequent to working for quite a long time, nonetheless, get pitiful compensation and no acknowledgment for their specialty. The fundamental driver is that these items are not need rather an extravagance or superficial point of interest. So individuals in towns can't manage the cost of it. The deals in urban areas and towns like Kolkata is better however not under any condition at a safe place. The principle reason being the lac of advancement. The pay for the most part originates from the displays which retain a ton of capital venture. So this contextual analysis gives a dynamic issue of whether to leave the town for showcasing or to arrange presentations inside town. For the examination both the conceivable outcomes have been thought of and benefits and bad marks of each have been broke down. At last the end which was reached of running the two choices equal for quite a while and over the long haul get rid of displays outside the town once the town shows appears to be possible and productive.

Pfizer Financial Analysis Essay Example

Pfizer Financial Analysis Essay Pfizer Incorporated (PFE) was set up in 1849 in Brooklyn, New York. Charles Pfizer and Charles Erhardt, two German-American cousins, established a synthetic substances business and delivered an enemy of parasitic-Santorin, which was an extraordinary achievement. Pfizersâ businessâ began to develop with creation of citrus extract in 1880s. All out deals of Pfizer had reached nearly $3 million by 1910. By 1950s, Pfizer had set up business in nations like Belgium, Canada, Iran, Panama, Turkey, and United Kingdom. Pfizer is aâ pharmaceutical organization positioning number one in deals on the planet. The organization is based in New York City, with its examination home office in Groton, Connecticut. Its central station are in Midtown Manhattan, New York City. Pfizer owes a great deal of its prosperity to its main medication, Lipitor. This medication is utilized to bring down blood cholesterol. Accupril and Viagra are two other significant items offered by Pfizer. In 2007, absolute deals of Pfizer added up to $48. 82 billion while it adjusted to be around 50 billion of every 2009. Benefits made by this firm were worth almost $10. 562 billion. All out resources held by Pfizer were worth around $115. 46 billion. Totalâ employeeâ count of Pfizer was around 86,600. As we investigate the various proportions of the organization. Pfizer Inc. s current proportion weakened from 2007 (2. 15) to 2008 (1. 59) however then marginally improved from 2008 to 2009 from 1. 59 to 1. 66. On the off chance that we contrast these numbers with the business normal of human services, by an d large Pfizer is performing better to the business and Pfizer current proportion is higher than the business in 2007 and 2008. While in 2009 it is nearer to the business normal of 1. 72. We will compose a custom paper test on Pfizer Financial Analysis explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom article test on Pfizer Financial Analysis explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom exposition test on Pfizer Financial Analysis explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer Liquidity proportions are utilized to assess the firm’s capacity to pay its transient obligation commitments, for example, Accounts Payable and collected duties and wages. So distant from these numbers, we can foresee that Pfizer is meeting its capacity to pay momentary obligation to its loan bosses and providers in the market. As present proportion, the Quick Ratio of Pfizer is likewise higher than the business normal in 2007 and 2008 and is a little underneath in 2009. The declining bend in the present proportion of Pfizer might be the consequence of diminishing income from tasks. Anyway the income liquidity proportion of Pfizer has declined from 0. 43 of every 2007 to 0. 26 of every 2008. The declining income from activities is constraining Pfizer to acquire to cover its bills. In general the liquidity of Pfizer still looks very stable contrasted with the business. Presently as we take a gander at the Average assortment time frame and day’s stock held for Pfizer, we notice a sensational change the normal assortment time of Pfizer has expanded about 112% from 2007 to 2009 while the days stock held for Pfizer has additionally expanded about 189% from 2007 to 2009. This raises an alert banner about the expansion in these proportions. Pfizer might be excessively merciful to its loan bosses. On the off chance that we contrast the expansion in these qualities with the expansion in Pfizer’s Sales, the deals just expanded by about 3%. As we move to examine the effectiveness of Pfizer, we see that record of sale turnover has diminished about 53% from 4. multiple times in 2007 to around 2. multiple times in 2009. Once more this significant lessening in turnover of records receivables shows the wastefulness of Pfizer in gathering money from loan bosses. The normal assortment time frame has expanded drastically from around 74 days in 2007 to right around 160 days in 2009, adjusting to 115% change in the two years. Nonetheless, aside from the decline in proportions in the previous barely any years Pfizer is still near the business normal so we can't anticipate that Pfizer is failing to meet expectations contrasted with its rivals. Pfizer’s fixed resource turnover and all out resource turnover has remained nearly the equivalent somewhere in the range of 2007 and 2008 yet has declined by just about 39. 57% in 2009 (3. 63 to 2. 20). This demonstrates the expansion in fixed resources without a corresponding increment in deals. Pfizer is a capital concentrated firm and has put over 40% in its fixed resources. The expansion in fixed resources from 2007 to 2009 is about 71%, unmistakably demonstrating that Pfizer is attempting to grow more. The diminishing in the proportions is somewhat of the substantial increment in the fixed resources while not adequate increment in deals. Investigating the influence of Pfizer, long haul obligation has expanded 600% from 2007 to 2009 yet the obligation to resources proportions has not expanded much in 2008 contrasted with 2007. The general change under water proportion is about 30% expansion from 2007 to 2009. This proportion has not expanded in a similar limit as the Long expression obligation has expanded. This clarifies the expansion in the advantage of Pfizer. As Pfizer is growing, the general obligation proportion has still not expanded a ton contrasted with the business normal and despite the fact that the drawn out obligation has expanded extra customarily, the proportion of obligation to value proportion is as yet stable because of the expansion in Pfizer’s all out fixed resources. Taking a gander at the occasions premium earned we notice that it has diminished from multiple times to around multiple times from 2007 to 2009 separately. This diminishing is mostly a result of the expansion in intrigue charged on the higher borrowings in the two years. The income from tasks in this regard is as yet expanding and the all out increment from 2007 to 2009 of the CFO is about 24%. To examine the productivity separate, Pfizer’s net revenue has increment from 76. 79% in 2007 to about 83% in 2009. The working net revenue expanded from 15. % in 2007 to about 23% in 2009. Additionally the income edge expanded from 27% in 2007 to about 33% in 2009 and is practically near the business midpoints. This demonstrates Pfizer can transform deals dollar into benefits and has kept up its presentation moderately to the business. Profit for resources and profit for value both have diminished from 7% to 4% and from 12. 5% to 10% individually which is far beneath from the business normal of 10% and 20%. This lessening might be because of the expansion in resources of about 85% in the ongoing years that was examined before. The arrival on resource couldn't be acknowledged so soon in the business of Pfizer. This, most likely demonstrates the poor administration of the benefits yet in the event that we take a gander at the figures they are really expanding degree of advantages which unmistakably gives us the picture of development of Pfizer Inc as they have as of late spent more than 68 billion dollars on the acquisition of Wyeth. In the wake of investigating the key financials of the organization we see that the all out liabilities have expanded over 100% which unmistakably shows the expansion on the company’s enthusiasm also. Their general venture has expanded by 170% principally in view of the acquisition of Wyeth. The income from tasks and activities incomes have expanded by 24% and 48% individually. The liquidity proportions and productivity proportions are steady on the off chance that we contrast it with the business yet at the same time the effectiveness proportions are declining. The difference in the figures is for the most part somewhere in the range of 2008 and 2009. The criminal punishments on Pfizer in 2009 have additionally harmed the company’s picture and have influenced its incomes. From the financials, Pfizer still doesn't look a feeble stock whenever contrasted with the business. Buying and holding the stock likewise relies upon the patent termination in November, 2011 of its top selling drug â€Å"Lipitor†. Pfizer needs to put more in innovative work for making new medications. Making new medications may appear to be a conspicuous objective for a medication producer. The New York-based Pfizer, in any case, has developed into a monster not by finding new blockbusters however by purchasing three contenders and their product offerings. References: www. account. hurray. com http://points. nytimes. com/top/news/business/organizations/pfizer_inc/record. html

ACT Score Reports

When and how do you get them? And what do they include? If you took your ACT recently, then these questions are probably on your mind. The good news? I have some information to offer you. The bad news? Some of it is fairly vague. Just warning you now. 🙂 When will you get your ACT Score Report? The short answer is 2-8 weeks after you take the test. Yep, you read that right. Sometime between two weeks and two months from when you take the test. Though, to be honest, youll probably receive your scores within a month. The ACT just gives you a long range of dates in case something weird happens. How will you receive your ACT scores? The score report you receive will be different from the report that gets sent to your high school, which is different from the one thats sent to the colleges or scholarship programs that youre applying to. There are three types of ACT score reports: 1. Student Report The report that youll receive from The ACT is called a Student Report. Youll be able to access it online, through your ACT Web account. Itll include your ACT scores (by test and combined), as well as college and career information. 2. High School Report The report that your high school receives is called a High School Report. Not a very inspired name, but it gets the job done. This report includes all the same information thats in the Student Report, plus an image of your essay if you chose to take the ACT Plus Writing test. 3. College Report Finally, theres the College Report, which youll eventually need to send to each university or scholarship agency that you apply to. The College Report is a bit different from the Student and High School Reports, in that it contains additional information. The ACT College Report includes your ACT scores, an image of your ACT Plus Writing essay, the grades you reported on up to 30 courses that you took in high school, and predictions for your performance in specific college programs and courses. Yeah, its pretty serous. Whats important to remember here is that you have to ask for your ACT scores to be sent to colleges and scholarship organizations. This doesnt happen automatically. You can opt to send your ACT scores to certain colleges when you register for the ACT. Youre allowed to select up to six programs at the time you register for the ACT, and the cost of these score reports is included in your registration fee. Or, you can wait to send your scores until after youve taken the ACT and know how you performed. Youll have to pay an extra $10-$20 per score report, but itll probably be worth it. More on that in a second. ACT Score Reports When should you send your score report to colleges? When you send your ACT Score Report to colleges, the ACT only sends your scores on that one particular ACT exam. So, if you had already taken the ACT twice, but never sent those scores to colleges, the colleges will never see the scores on those tests. This is really important to keep in mind when youre choosing when to send your score reports. It might be really tempting to choose some programs when you register for the ACT, because you can send six score reports at no additional cost. My advice? Dont. If you choose to send your score reports to colleges when you register for the ACT, the schools will receive your score report at the same time you do. Which means that you wont know your score before the report is sent! If you bomb your ACT, these schools will automatically receive those bad scores. And once theyve seen your ACT scores, they dont unsee them. Even if you score significantly higher at a later date, your schools will know that you originally performed terribly. Now, this might not be the worst thing colleges usually like to see improvement. However, if youre trying to put your best foot forward on your college apps, its nice to be able to sweep a bad score under the rug. 🙂 So, while there is definitely a cost advantage to sending your score reports when you register for the ACT, I recommend waiting until you receive a score that youre proud of. Then send your ACT score reports. Note: If you can tell that you performed horribly on your ACT (like, you got food poisoning halfway through the exam and didnt even finish the test), you have until the Thursday following the test to cancel your scores without ever seeing them. Additional Information The ACT offers all sorts of information about sending score reports, from report ordering options to costs and delivery options and helpful tips. I highly recommend reviewing all the official information! Is this how the SAT works, too? For the most part. The SAT now also offers score choice, although  in the past,  it sent colleges all of your scores. So regardless of whether you take the ACT or SAT, you have control over which scores you want to send. Keep in mind that in some cases it might be advantageous to send multiple test dates if a college superscores, meaning it calculates a combined SAT or ACT score out of  your best individual section scores. This is much more common on the SAT than  the ACT. Alright, thats enough about ACT score reports for now. If you have any questions or concerns, leave me a comment below and Ill get right back to you. 🙂

Information System In Supply Chain Management Research - 1100 Words

Information System In Supply Chain Management Research (Essay Sample) Content: NameProfessorCourseDateInformation System in Supply ChainSubramanian, G.H and Iyigungor, A.C. Information Systems in Supply Chain Management: A Comparative Case Study of Three Organizations. Int J. Business Information Systems Vol 1 No.4 (2006): pp 370-386.Introduction.Girish H. Subramanian is an Assosiate professor of Information Systems at the school of Business Administration at Penn State Harrisburg. His research passions are in software engineering, global software development and enterprise information systems. His past research publications have appeared in Communication of the ACM, Decision Sciences, Journal of Management Information Systems, IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, Journal of Computer Information Systems among other journals. His co-author, Adullah C. Iyigungor earned his Master of Science in Information Systems from the School of Business at Penn State Harrisburg (Subramanian Iyigungor 370). The article elaborates on the utilization of Information Technology (IT) services to improve the supply chain in Wal-Mart, Amazon and United Parcel Services (UPS). Both authors try to depict the importance of IT in the Supply Chain Management processes in the three companies by outlining the diverse advantages of IT services in improving supply chain procedures.Research Methodology.The article employs qualitative research because it uses definitions, descriptions and meanings of terms in order to convey the importance of IT in the supply chain process in the three companies. The article defines and explains the crucial importance of IT in the supply chain process and how companies have expanded their supply chains to external entities like vendors and customers. Information and data are collected from different individuals and sources in order to clarify on vital importance of the role supply chain structure have in Wal-Mart, Amazon and UPS. In dept analysis of the supply chain framework by other researchers shows that there a re three other strategic dimensions related to the physical structure of any organizational supply chain. Girish and Iyigungor assert that information technology capabilities enable companies to embrace diverse technologies such as Point of Sale in order to understand consumer demand in the market space (Subramanian Iyigungor 373).Organizational Strategy at Wal-Mart.The importance of IT in the article is clearly depicted by the quick response by suppliers to Wal-Mart stores and distribution stores through the communication of satellite signals. The author noted that Wal-Mart had heavily invested in the new Information System (IS) which facilitated communication between Wal-Mart stores and its suppliers in real time. The quick response initiative was facilitated by the innovation of the VSAT network which boosted a lot of Wal-Mart`s business related strategies (Subramanian Iyigungor 373).Niche Strategy.The authors note that the main aim of Wal-Mart was to cease a partnership deal w ith Procter and Gamble (PG) in order to maximize their profit margins and improve efficiency in supply chain processes. The partnership of the two companies reduced operational costs and facilitated the growth of sales due to fast transportation of inventory to all Wal-Mart stores across the United States.IT Systems used at Wal-Mart and their Usefulness.According to the data collected by the authors, it is clear that real time communication between Wal-Mart and PG initiated the growth of both companies. This is because Wal-Mart gained a competitive advantage against its competitors since all its sales and inventory processes were handled by their suppliers. This reduced operational costs that would have been incurred by the company. The use of identification technology by both Wal-Mart and suppliers reduced the distribution and inventory expenses because suppliers would promptly replace out of stock items back in the shelves of concerned stores. It is clear that the authors also no ted that the data handling system used by Wal-Mart helps the company to have all inventory data at one central virtual location. The suppliers can easily track the sale of inventory through the use of the extranet system which was developed by Wal-Mart (Subramanian Iyigungor 374).Business Process Initiatives at Wal-Mart.The authors noted that for Wal-Mart to experience growth they needed to combine the organization`s EDI networks with the extranet that was built and managed by the company. This helps the company to share data with its suppliers.IT help Wal-Mart accomplish its organizational strategy.The authors understood that IT services especially in communication facilitated rapid communication between Wal-Mart and its suppliers across America through satellite signal communication (Subramanian Iyigungor 375).Organizational strategy of Amazon.From the article it is evident that Amazon experienced growth after the successful installation of reliable inventory control management systems. This system reduced the amount of lost inventory and initiated an increase in the number of domestic and international shipments hence the company begun to gain economies of scale. Both authors citing Maloney (2000) noted that the success story of Amazon depended on handling systems used for the distribution of its inventory (Subramanian Iyigungor 376).IT Systems used at Amazon and their Usefulness.The article by both Girish and Iyigungor shows that the supply chain systems used by Amazon are uniquely interconnected from the consumer to the supplier irrespective of the geographical location. The data warehouse supported by Linux helped in handling diverse systems such as customer management and order completion. The company benefitted from the data warehouse because of its large storage capacity of 14 terabyte with a rapid speed of several gigabytes per second ((Subramanian Iyigungor 377).Business Process Initiatives at Amazon.The Six Sigma approach was used in the distri bution of orders across the company`s outlets and stores in the USA. The JIT systems were used in manufacturing while Total Quality Management (TQM) methodologies were incorporated in Amazon`s entire processes of operation, distribution and sh...

Malcolm X s Views On Religion Essay - 1239 Words

The opinions that many people have about religion derive from their association with churches, mosques, and other places of worship. However, Malcolm X defied the usual curve of religious doctrine and embraced what he felt was right for him and those who shared his views. In his autobiography, Malcolm X abandoned atheism to become a follower of the Nation of Islam (NOI) and later, he ended up following Eastern Islam. In the Autobiography of Malcolm X, Malcolm’s views and his idealism is derived from his practice of Islam and his will to fight for the rights of African Americans also come from the same base. The theme of religion is introduced in the autobiography during Malcolm’s time in the state prison of Massachusetts. While in prison, he started to study books in a small library. Later in 1948, Malcolm was moved to Norfolk Prison. There was little violence in this prison and inmates could debate and study freely. While in prison, Malcolm studied many books such as religion, history, literature, linguistics, and biology. Malcolm first heard about the Nation of Islam from his home when Reginald, his brother requested him to do so, and this became his first step into full conversion to Islam. Reginald told him about a spiritual leader called Elijah Muhammad who preached against the evils of white people and compared them as the devils. Consequently, he recalled the way his family was split by social workers and a teacher who always watered down his dream of becoming aShow MoreRelatedMalcolm X : An Influential Leader Of The Civil Rights Era1556 Words   |  7 PagesMalcolm X was one of the most influential leaders of the civil rights era, along with Martin Luther King Jr. I have chosen this speech because I think it shows prime examples of rhetoric. This speech was very important to the people of the civil rights movement as it motivated and empowered them not to back down and to fight back with force. He was adamant in his resistance to white oppression and very militant in his actions. He both invigorated and separated the African Americans throughRead MoreMalcolm X : A Leader Of The Nation Of Islam1424 Words   |  6 PagesMalcolm X was a leader who, was the spokesman for the Nation of Islam, an African American political and religious movement, embraced the Black Power philosophy. Malcolm Little was born May 19, 1925, in Omaha, Nebraska, the fourth of seven children. His Father was a local leader of the Universal Negro Improvement Association and his mother served as secretary and branch reporter, sending news of local UNIA activities to Negro World, a weekly newspaper established in New York, they inculcatedRead MoreSteve Biko vs. Malcolm X1722 Words   |  7 PagesMalcolm X and Steve Biko Black Consciousness Malcolm X and Steve Biko were one of the two most preeminent leaders in world history. These men changed lives and stood up for millions of Africans and African Americans during their short lives. These two men lived by a saying â€Å"black is beautiful†. They also believed that black people in the United States as well as Africans mainly in South Africa deserved the same rights and equality as any other man in the world. They lived through the rough eraRead MoreMartin Malcolm : A Dream Or A Nightmare951 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Martin Malcolm America Peace† If one man never steps forward to show all the others that change is possible, nothing will ever change. When you look back at history of the American civil rights movement, Malcolm X and Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. are still often two of the first names even someone of today’s society may think of. They were, and still are, some of the most influential men to ever live. As young African-American men living during a time of harsh global, but most importantlyRead MoreThe Ballot Or The Bullet By Malcolm X1151 Words   |  5 Pages Malcolm X, a Black Nationalist, Muslim minister and a human rights activist, was executed by men from the Black Muslim Movement cult that he had recently left for good. An analysis of Malcolm X’s earlier debate with Bayard Rustin (1962) in comparison to his later speech â€Å"The Ballot or the Bullet† (1964) acknowledges his idol worship of Elijah Muhammad in the Black Muslim Movement and documents his transformation into an enlightened and open-minded Civil Rights Leader before his tragic assassinationRead MoreMalcolm X was a Symbol of the Civil Rights Movement1573 Words   |  6 Pagesprepare for it today.† Malcolm X The 1920’s, or the â€Å"Roaring Twenties†, was a time in American history described as the â€Å"Wild West†. Prohibition brought controversy and anarchy to the once civilized American society, with mobs and gangs at the peak of their power with leaders such as Al Capone supplying alcohol and guns to the public. This was also a time of heightened racial segregation, with boundaries being set such as only white bathrooms and schools. Malcolm (X) Little was born in thisRead More Malcolm X, the Movie Essay1118 Words   |  5 Pagesversion of Malcolm Xs life is similar to the historical Malcolm X. By watching the movie and knowing who he was and his beliefs, one can easily tell how alike they are. When the movie starts Malcolm Little is getting his hair cut. The appearance is that he wants to look more like a white person. Malcolm Xs father is a preacher, but the KKK came to the house to burn it down. Later, Malcolms father is killed by being tied to the rail road tracks when a train comes. His father died when Malcolm was justRead MoreEssay on Malcolm X962 Words   |  4 PagesMalcolm X On May 19, 1925 Malcolm Little was born to Louise and Earl Little. He was born in Omaha, Nebraska. Malcolm was the seventh of eleven children. Malcolms father, Earl, was a Baptist minister from Reynolds, Georgia. His mother was raised in Grenada in the British West Indies. His father was also became an organizer for Marcus Garveys Universal Negro Improvement Association. Marcus Garvey and his followers fought for racial separation and more power for blacks. Growing up, MalcolmsRead MoreEssay on Malcolm X1699 Words   |  7 Pages The Autobiography of Malcolm X by Alex Haley was published in 1965. It is national best seller about the life and times of Malcolm X. On May 19, 1925 Malcolm Little was born in Omaha, Nebraska. His father was a preacher who spoke out about the unity of black people. This caused several white racists to strike out against Malcolm’s father and his family violently. His family moved to Lansing, Michigan where Malcolm, his parents, brothers, and sisters were shot at, burned out of their home, harassedRead MoreMalcolm X : A Man Not Many People Truly Know About1598 Words   |  7 Pages A righteous and amazing individual known as Malcolm X was a man not many people truly know about. Malcolm’s enthusiasm in helping blacks really understand the world they live in and their credence in their society should at the least be welcomed so a correlation can be established and the world can focus on more pressing issues other than race. He was an angry, potent activist and motivated extremist for all the right reasons. In his life he had to overcome many obstacles and triumph over many

Benefits Of A Small Business - 967 Words

Small-Business Preference Service-Disabled Veterans have earned the right to receive certain preferences for government contracting because they volunteered to serve their country. Congress established programs to benefit Service-Disabled Veterans, choose three programs and describe these programs. Explain how these programs benefit a small business over a large business. Small Disadvantaged Business The Small Disadvantage Business was established by Congress to provide an opportunity to businesses that are consider disadvantaged. This group has to be subject to racial or ethnic prejudice, or cultural bias. The candidates for this program have limited access to capital or credit opportunities. They have to be part of a minority ethnic group usually, Hispanic, Asian, African American, and Native American. These groups are considered to be socially disadvantaged according to the regulations. The business that is owned has to be at least fifty one percent controlled by a socially, and economic disadvantage individual. There is also an income restriction. The individual cannot have income, and property that exceeds seven hundred, and fifty thousand dollars (Business, 2001). Service-Disabled Veteran Owned Business This preference program is for was establish for veterans that have a service connected disability that was determine by the Department of Veteran Affairs the business still has to be certified as a small business, under the criteria issued by the North AmericanShow MoreRelatedThe Benefits Of A Small Business737 Words   |  3 Pagesover-saturated at the moment, there is always the opportunity of a business, speculating the opportune moment when to enter the market, by zoning, by location or by the category of consumers to whom the offer of services is addressed. Personally, I believe that the biggest scarcity what I meet at this moment is the time, being very busy, sometimes I have the impression that it needs 48 hours to have a full day, but if I were to think of a business opportunity, the first example comes from my neighborhoodRead MoreBenefits Of A Small Business Essay1582 Words   |  7 Pagesmillion people work in the grounds maintena nce industry which creates and beautiful landscapes. Among the thousands of workers and businesses that comprise the lawn care industry, two groups exist: large and small companies. Greatly profitable enterprises, as a result of their successful business strategies, customarily invest profits in the company to increase employment and diversify the selection of offered services. Consequently, as the company’s aptitude to service a larger clientele increasesRead MoreBenefits Of A Small Business2005 Words   |  9 PagesI. Executive Summary In order to finance future expansion or get past a temporary business slow down (particularly in seasonal business) it is necessary to raise working capital and that involves determining which method of financing is best; debt or equity. II. Business Challenge One of the main challenges businesses face when trying to grow is how to raise the necessary working capital to achieve the necessary growth, whether for additional employees, inventory or plant expansion, technologyRead MoreBenefits Of Social Networking On Small Business2027 Words   |  9 Pages1.What potential benefits might social networking websites offer to small business? There are so many benefits social networking websites offer to small businesses. When an individual starts a business, the main motive for starting the business is profit and to achieve that the company must be recognized, before the internet became available small business struggled to get recognition and there no proper way to make sure that their business existed but the arrival of internet changed all this exRead MoreThe Benefits Of Rural Small Business Grant1110 Words   |  5 PagesEvery state is offering what they call the rural small business grant program. This is actually available for those people who are situated in a town but dont have enough money to capitalize in having a business of their own. Fortunately the government is allotting millions of dollars in order to fund this grant. If you want to apply for a rural business loans, you need to apply for it. The process is actually simple and it takes a faster approval especially if you can fulfill the requirements.Read MoreBenefits Of Effective Protection Measures For Small Business849 Words   |  4 PagesEvery business from small to big the information security has become a risk factor which has put all business in a verse of serous risk. On this paper we will be more focused general explanation of the business need for information security, confidentiality, integrity, availability, non-repudiation, authentication, and authorization. This policy, which is listed in paper, can be mitigating denial of service (DOS), which can lead several losses in small business. Finally costs and benefits of effectiveRead MoreBenefits Of An Effective Protection Measure Essential For Small Business Essay913 Words   |  4 PagesEvery business from small to big, the information security has become a risk factor which has put all business on the verse of serious risk. In this paper, we will be more focused on general explanations of the business need for information security, confidentiality, integrity, availab ility, non-repudiation, authentication, and authorization. This policy, which is listed on paper, can be mitigating denial of service (DOS), which can lead several losses in small business. Finally, costs and benefitsRead MoreThe Benefits of E-Commerce to the Small Business Owner Essay1843 Words   |  8 Pagesof the entire business universe. E-commerce relates to that part of e-business that includes transactions that involve money. The larger concept of e-business, however, goes well beyond buying and selling items on the Internet. E-business is about using information, technology, and resources to conduct business online. The processes of marketing your goods and services to your members, e-tailing, can be compared to a store front where you display products and solicit business from othersRead MoreBenefits Of A Small Business Center At Central Piedmont Community College Essay860 Words   |  4 PagesFive years from now I see myself running a small business. Background knowledge as well as experience is needed to run a small business. To gain knowledge I will take advantage of the Small Business Center at Central Piedmont Community College. The Small Business Center provides vast resources and counseling at no cost. Counseling that is provided in the Small Business Center helps with business planning, business growth, or cash flow management. For counseling I would have to request counselingRead MoreThe Importance Of Human Resource Management Within The Business1738 Words   |  7 Pages The Importance of Human Resources in Small Business Derrick Rowley Business 224 Dennis Oden 7 June 2015 â€Æ' Abstract Within this paper you will find that HR is vital to all businesses, but can greatly affect the long-term success of a small business. Small businesses can have a difficult time finding qualified individuals to help with the production side of the business. That is why having human resource management within the business is so important. HR sets the planning process and within

A Raisin in the Sun - 1346 Words

Though there was a heightened sense of tension over civil rights in the late 1950s when A Raisin in the Sun was written, racial inequality is still a problem today. It affects minorities of every age and dynamic, in more ways than one. Though nowadays it may go unnoticed, race in every aspect alters the way African-Americans think, behave, and react as human beings. This is shown in many ways in the play as we watch the characters interact. We see big ideas, failures, and family values through the eyes of a disadvantaged group during an unfortunate time in history. As Martin Luther King said, Blacks are â€Å"...harried by day and haunted by night by the fact that you are a Negro, living constantly at tiptoe stance, never quite knowing what†¦show more content†¦Toward the end of the play his spirit is broken, and he behaves almost like a madman, plotting to give in to Lindner and accept his offer; this action greatly worries his mother. The whole time, Walter wasn’t simply looking for a chance to follow through with his plans. He was seeking support from the system that he found himself subject to. This idea comes up in Gertrude Samuels’ Even More Crucial Than in the South. â€Å"†¦the real drive that is now rising ominously is a demand for personal dignity† (Samuels 1546). His personal dignity is at stake repeatedly throughout the story when he finds himself battling against a troubled family and a corrupt system. The racism-steeped social system negatively affects African-American males and females, causing deeply rooted issues. The three women in the story, Beneatha, Ruth, and Mama, represent the different views Black women took during these troublesome times. There were women like Beneatha, who didn’t want to live the typical life of a wife and mother, and openly disapproved the assimilation of Blacks into American culture as well: â€Å"Because I hate assimilationist Negroes!† (Hansberry 1500). She wanted to become highly educated, and to change the world somehow. She wanted to be something. Beneatha is a very strong-willed, hard-headed character. This could very well have been caused by the unfair rules of her time constantly being reiterated to her through several mediums. Over and over again she is told that she mustShow MoreRelatedA Raisin Of The Sun896 Words   |  4 PagesWhen I first read â€Å"A Raisin in the Sun† I thought it to be quite humorous and lighthearted. However after reading it again for a second time I noticed that while it is humorous, it is also set in a time where things were far from lighthearted for African Americans. This particular play was set in the 1950’s which was a very difficult time for the United States in regards to race relations. I thoroughly enjoyed this story not only because of the controversy within the family unit but also becauseRead MoreA Raisin Of The Sun1319 Words   |  6 PagesEssay 3: Suggested Topics A Raisin in the Sun was a play written in the late 1950’s analyzing the cruel effects of racism amongst the Younger family. The younger family suffers from racial discrimination within their living space, place of employment, and the housing industry. Racism has been going on for a very long time in the United States and will always continue to exist. Racism has not only led to political but also social issues. A Raisin in the Sun confronted Whites for an acknowledgementRead Moreâ€Å"A Raisin in the Sun†700 Words   |  3 PagesLorraine Hansberry used symbolism in her successful drama, â€Å"A Raisin in the Sun† to portray emotions felt in the lives of her characters and possible her own. Hansberry set her piece in Chicago’s South Side, probably the early 1950’s. During this period in history, many African-Americans, like the Youngers, struggled to overcome the well-known prejudices that were far too familiar. The main scene, in this touching r ealist drama, is the home of the Youngers, an overcrowded run-down apartment. Read MoreRaisin in the sun1171 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿PLEASE DO NOT WRITE ON THIS TEST! A Raisin in the Sun: Unit Exam Directions: Using a number two pencil, fill in the letter with the best answer. I. MATCHING: Match each character with the proper description. One will be left over. 1. Beneatha a. man whose death brings the Youngers $10,000 2. Ruth b. thinks women only need to be pretty sophisticated 3. Travis c. a messenger of bad news 4. Walter Lee d. runs off with $6500 5. Walter e. represents pride in AfricanRead MoreA Raisin in the Sun - 41047 Words   |  5 PagesTania Garcia A raisin in the sun Prof. Natalie Sandler November, 27, 2012 A Raisin in the sun In a Raisin in the sun people wondered about Walter Lee’s inner journey. A Raisin in the sun is a play that explorer’s the struggles of African American people who achieve their desires. It’s about an African American family trying to pursue an American dream of owning their own home but in the process they encounter racismRead MorePoverty In A Raisin In The Sun1413 Words   |  6 PagesEconomic and societal poverty are the key forms of poverty highlighted in the three-act play, A Raisin in the Sun. Lorraine Hansberry, the playwright, discusses the hardships of African-Americans attempting to emerge in society in the 1950’s. The play is staged in ways where the audience can grasp the trifles of an African-American family continuously experiencing setbacks whilst attempting to achieve their notion of the â€Å"American Dream†. To Walter Lee Younger, his idea of the â€Å"American Dream†Read MoreA Raisin in the Sun Essay1752 W ords   |  8 PagesA Raisin in the Sun Creativity of Hansberry played a crucial role in the development of African-American drama since the Second World War. A Raisin in the Sun was the first play by African-American author which was set on Broadway and was honored by the circle of New York theater critics. Drama of A Raisin in the Sun (1959) brought Hansberry to the Award Society of New York Critics as the best play of the year. A Raisin in the Sun shows the life of an ordinary African-American family which dreamsRead MoreAnalysis Of A Raisin In The Sun1185 Words   |  5 PagesArianna Williams-Smart English 1B Professor Quinn Final Essay The epigraph to A Raisin in the Sun is Langston Hughes poem called A Dream Deferred which was written as an example of life in harlem. The lines are a introduction to the white societys actions to take away equal opportunity from black citizens. Hughes main point is that there could be consequences when peoples frustrations build up or accumulate to the point where they have to either surrender their dreams or allow strenuousRead MoreSummary Of A Raisin Of The Sun 1052 Words   |  5 PagesEric Herrera 1103 English Prof Nathan Camp October 13, 2014 A Raisin in the Sun The American Dream is the guiding ideology for the United States. A belief that every citizen of this country has an equal opportunity to prosper and achieve his or her personal dreams. A belief that has been constantly scrutinized due to the overwhelming role that race can play to complicate that dream. Although, Lorraine Hansberry’s â€Å"A Raisin in the Sun† may have been written in 1959. It’s one of the first pieces ofRead MoreA Raisin in the Sun Essay580 Words   |  3 Pages A raisin in the sun is a true story about an African American family that fights about who should get the money. Mama is the one that has the money, she wants to use the money to buy a house but Walter wants the money to invest it in a liquor store, and Beneatha needs the money for college to become a doctor. Eventually Mama decides to give the money to Walter but then Walter loses the money,the guy he gave the money to ran off with the money.When the family bought the house Mr.Lind er pays them

The Harlem Renaissance Essay - 1145 Words

The Harlem Renaissance In Harlem between the 1920’s and 1930’s the African American culture flourished, especially in areas such as music, art, literature, dance, and even in film. This soon became known as the Harlem Renaissance. With the entire positive and the negative situations of this time period the African Americans still seemed to have it all. The Harlem Renaissance came about because of the changes that had taken place in the African American community after the abolition of slavery because of World War I and the social and cultural changes in early 20th century in the United States. After harsh conditions for African Americans after the Plessy vs. Ferguson Trial many of them decided to move to the North to New York. By†¦show more content†¦Also during this time Marcus Garvey founded the Universal Negro Improvement Association and African Communities League (UNIA-ACL), in which they both aimed to bring opportunities into the African American community . Not only did this help make African Americans feel proud of their race, but it also brought them together, not only in New York, but all over the country. They soon began to create a lifestyle for themselves that was equivalent to the White Americans and began to advance in the areas of jazz music, art, and literature. All this is what was starting to become known as the Harlem Renaissance. By the 1920’s the amount of African Americans in New York City had more than doubled. Meanwhile the roadways and subway system had just begun to reach Harlem, where some of the most influential Blacks had situated themselves. Soon after, Harlem became known as â€Å"The Black Mecca† and also as â€Å"The Capital of Black America†. The Harlem Renaissance embraced all types of art forms. Jazz, literature, art, film, and dance were some of the main forms. But jazz, literature, and art is what really kept the African Americans going. At this time jazz was known to be the people’s music. It had originated in New Orleans and soon found its way into the nightclubs in Harlem. For the ones who would go out and experience this lively music they would go out to night clubs. Some of the most popular clubs duringShow MoreRelatedHarlem And The Harlem Renaissance Essay2269 Words   |  10 Pagessouthern African Americans migrated to a city called Harlem in New York. They relocated due to dogmatism and intolerance of melanin diverging out the of pores of many white southerners. The African Americans who migrated found new opportunities both economic and artistic that resulted to the creation of a stable middle class Black –Americans (Dover, 2006). This was the Harlem Renaissance a cultural, social, and artisti c explosion. The core of Harlem expressed by Alain Locke is that through art, â€Å"negroRead MoreHarlem And The Harlem Renaissance1430 Words   |  6 Pagesmoved in to urban cities such as Chicago, Detroit, and Harlem. Out of these northern metropolises, the most popular was Harlem; â€Å"here in Manhattan (Harlem) is not merely the largest Negro community in the world, but the first concentration in history of so many diverse element of Negro life†(1050). Harlem became the mecca of black people, and between the years of 1920 and the late 1930s it was known as the Harlem Renaissance. The Harlem Renaissance, brought artiest, poets, writers, musicians, and intelligentRead MoreThe Harlem Renaissance850 Words   |  4 Pages Giselle Villanueva History IB Mr. Flores February 7, 2016 Period 4 Word Count: 693 Harlem Renaissance The Harlem Renaissance was the first period in the history of the United States in which a group of black poets, authors, and essayist seized the opportunity to express themselves. The Great Migration was the movement of six million African Americans from the rural South to the cities of the North during 1916 to 1970. Driven from their homes by unsatisfactory economic opportunities and harsh segregationistRead MoreThe Harlem Renaissance1154 Words   |  5 PagesIV AP 16 November 2015 The Harlem Renaissance The early 1900s was a time marked with tragedy in America. Started and ended with the Great Depression in between, it was not America s finest moment. Prohibition was in place, the Klu Klux Klan was still marching, and the Lost Generation was leaving for Paris. But despite the troubling times, people still found beauty and meaning in the world around them. They still created art and celebrated life. The Harlem Renaissance was an artistic and literaryRead MoreThe Harlem Renaissance941 Words   |  4 PagesThe Harlem Renaissance was a cultural movement, in the early 1920’s, that involved vibrancies of new life, ideas, and perceptions. The large migration of African Americans northward, after World War I, allowed people of color the opportunity to collaborate in the New York City neighborhood, known as Harlem. This renaissance allowed the city to thrive on a refined understanding and appreciation of the arts. Many individuals were involved in this movement including doctors, s tudents, shopkeepers,Read MoreThe Harlem Renaissance1317 Words   |  6 Pagesday is the Harlem Renaissance. The Harlem Renaissance is the cultural movement of the 1920’s. The movement essentially kindled a new black cultural identity through art, literature and intellect. The Harlem Renaissance started during the Roaring Twenties. It took place in Harlem, New York. It became most prominent in the mid to late 1920’s and it diminished toward the early 1930’s (Henderson). The Harlem Renaissance was initially called the New Negro Movement or the New Negro Renaissance. It was theRead More The Harlem Renaissance Essay1513 Words   |  7 PagesThe Harlem Renaissance      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Chapter 1 Introduction   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Harlem Renaissance, an African American cultural movement of the 1920s and early 1930s that was centered in the Harlem neighborhood of New York City. According to Wintz: The Harlem Renaissance was â€Å"variously known as the New Negro movement, the New Negro Renaissance, and the Negro Renaissance, the movement emerged toward the end of World War I in 1918, blossomed in the mid- to late 1920s, and then withered in the mid-1930sRead MoreHarlem Renaissance Essay1069 Words   |  5 PagesHARLEM RENAISSANCE Throughout the history of African Americans, there have been important historical figures as well as times. Revered and inspirational leaders and eras like, Martin Luther King and the Civil Rights Movement, Nat Turner and the slave revolt, or Huey Newton and the Black Panther Party. One such period that will always remain a significant part of black art and culture is the Harlem Renaissance. It changed the meaning of art and poetry, as it was known then. Furthermore, theRead More The Harlem Renaissance Essay1031 Words   |  5 PagesHARLEM RENAISSANCE Throughout the history of African Americans, there have been important historical figures as well as times. Revered and inspirational leaders and eras like, Martin Luther King and the Civil Rights Movement, Nat Turner and the slave revolt, or Huey Newton and the Black Panther Party. One such period that will always remain a significant part of black art and culture is the Harlem Renaissance. It changed the meaning of art and poetry, as it was known then. Furthermore, theRead MoreThe Harlem Renaissance Of The 1920s1557 Words   |  7 Pagesnot until the evil intentions of slavery crossed mankind’s thoughts that hue became our downfall, our separator. White supremacy eroded the idea of equality, and darker hues began to symbolize worthlessness, inferiority, and ugliness. The Harlem Renaissance of the 1920s evoked the idea of black consciousness and pride. It was a movement established to express black literature, art, music, and culture. Blacks began to wear their dark hue like a badge of honor. Art, literature, and music became the

Strategies for Competing China-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Strategies for Competing in a Changed China. Answer: Analysis of the case study The strategies undertaken in 2004 were appropriate as per the time, the multinational enterprises has to beat the competition in the Chinese market, where the big companies like Motorola already decided to increase their investment. In international business to survive the local players is a big challenge (Williamson Zeng, 2004). Discussing about the first strategy in which the many multinational companies entered the high end market, entering a high end market means not targeting the market that have the maximum number of customers, penetrating into the market targeting the middle class would have been the most appropriate strategy (Armstrong et al., 2015). The strategy of reducing the cost can be said was one of the most effective strategies, once the cost is being reduced then the price of the products will also be decreased thus making the product or service attractive to price sensitive customers (Cavusgil et al., 2014). Recommendations In 2001, the companies missed one of the most important strategies to enter the foreign market. In order to enter a foreign market in partnership with the local players would have been one of the most effective strategies. Collaborating with another company would have reduced the capital for entering the foreign as well as risk of failure of expansion strategy. Joint ventures are one of the most commonly used strategies for entering a foreign market. Buying a Chinese company could have been another effective strategy that would have helped the companies to have a good market share from the very beginning (Jagersma van Gorp, 2003). Apart from the strategies the multinationals could have increased their investment in the research and development department. Before entering an international market it the very important to do industry analysis and competitor analysis, this would have helped the multinationals to know the weaknesses of their competitors and what are the preferences of the customers they are targeting, this could have helped the multinational easily create a competitive advantage over the local players (Wild, Wild Han, 2014). References Armstrong, G., Kotler, P., Harker, M., Brennan, R. (2015).Marketing: an introduction. Pearson Education. Jagersma, P.K D.M. van Gorp, (2003). Still Searching for the Pot of Gold: Doing Business in Todays China, Journal of Business Strategy 24, no. 5 27-35. Cavusgil, S. T., Knight, G., Riesenberger, J. R., Rammal, H. G., Rose, E. L. (2014).International business. Pearson Australia. Wild, J. J., Wild, K. L., Han, J. C. (2014).International business. Pearson Education Limited. Williamson, P., Zeng, M. (2004). Strategies for competing in a changed China.MIT Sloan Management Review,45(4), 85.

Marketing Analysis for Brotherhood Books- myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Write about theMarketing Analysis for Brotherhood Book. Answer: Introduction Marketing is a management process of an organisation that exchanges relationship with the desired customers. Marketing is an activity of an organisation for communication and creating offers for the consumers, partners and clients at large. This study aims to analyse the marketing activities and opportunities of selected organisation Brotherhood Books. Moreover, in the first section of the assignment, this study will focus on market segmentation and target market of the organisation. The objectives of the organisation will be discussed. In the next section, Marketing Mix of the organisation will be analysed light of Brotherhood Books. Lastly, appropriateness of partnership business model for the chosen organisation will be justified. Overview of Organisation Brotherhood Books is a famous social enterprise under Brotherhood of St. Lawrence. This organisation encourages people to donate their used books for recycling or to the poor people. This organisation asks people to contribute funds for charitable purposes. Brotherhood Books organisation has been working for last 10 years and the organisation received more than 45 tonnes of books that have been donated to them (Brotherhoodbooks.org.au, 2017). The organisation sorted and cleaned those donated books and sell through their website. This organisation is in Sydney and one can get the desired books on their doorstep also. This organisation has its community stores and one can browse these books around Victoria. Target Market Main bases of segmentation can be done in four categories. The first segment is geographic segmentation and this includes customer, location, region, urban and classification. Brotherhood Books organisation can target people who live near the community stores around Victoria or they can target the people all over the Australia. The second segment is demographic segmentation and this segmentation is done based on age, gender, occupation, socioeconomic group of customers (Huang Sarigll, 2014). In this respect, Brotherhood Books organisation can target people who are aged and belong from high social class. The people who belong to niche class surely have the habit of reading books and they can purchase and donate books. The third segment is based on behavioural and this is based on the rate and usage, loyalty status of the customers, readiness to purchase products and benefits from the organisation. Moreover, Brotherhood Books organisation can target to the loyalty of the customers who have sympathetic heart towards the poor people and can donate books. Lastly, psychographic segmentation is all about personality, lifestyles, attitudes and class of the customers. Basically, Brotherhood Books can target the upper-class people who have a tendency to read books and socially aware. Upper aged people can be targeted as they can purchase and donate the books accordingly. Higher income level people buy books in most of the time and attitudes towards society can influence to donate books. Objectives of the company To increase the donators of book by 3% within one year To increase the financial profitability of the organisation by 5% within two years To open new community stores in Melbourne and Perth To set up a customer base in Australia using the website and social networking sites Products There are three levels of products that an organisation can offer to the customers. In the first place, there is the core product' and it is an intangible product. The core product cannot be touched and it is benefits one can get from a product (Solomon, 2014). It makes the product valuable. The second level is actual' product and it is tangible. Customers can touch products and can use the products. Lastly, the third level is about augmented product'. This product is non-physical and it has added-value. In case of Brotherhood Books, the organisation's products are used and second-hand books. In this sense, the actual products are second-hand books that can be touched by the customers. The core product is feelings one can have while buying or donating the books for greater purposes. Augmented product in this sense is the membership one can have when donating a book for bigger purposes. The customers can have second-hand books and it is minimal prices from community stores. Price The organisation is a social enterprise and they take pricing decision sensibly. In this case, the organisation needs to determine low-pricing strategy. It can help the organisation to have a large number of customers. In case of donation, the organisation can sell donated books at low price. A Greater percentage of poor people can have these books. Through low-pricing, customers can buy quality books and can contribute to the charitable trust. The organisation does not look for profit and they reinvest the profit 100% to the bigger cause. Place Putting the right products in right place is necessary for marketing (Mintz Currim, 2013). Moreover, place signifies the stores and outlets from where one customer can purchase the products. It also means distribution channels that the organisation used in delivering or supplying the products. Setting at the right place for selling the products is important, in case of Brotherhood Books, the organisation evaluates location for community stores and they chose Victoria for it. Around Victoria, this organisation has many stores, at City HG, Burnside Eltham and other places. The organisation has a head office in Sydney and they have their website, one can buy from there also. Potential clients can be made actual clients by setting community stores at right place. Promotion Promotional activities are important to sell any product to the customers. Second-hand books are sold through marketing agencies or through websites. New customers or donators must know about the organisation and its new stores. Moreover, the organisation can promote their activities through social media, organising social events and banners. As it is a social enterprise, their social cause can be promoted in a cost-effective way through social media pages. Organising events can be beneficial as it may help the organisation to have donors. Brotherhood Books can organise fundraising events where they can ask people to donate charity and books for noble purposes. Partners Business model Partnership in business is important as it shares the responsibilities in a business (Dibb, 2017). Moreover, it is important for a partner to make a valid partnership. In flexible partnership, an organisation makes a partnership with the community in most of the time. Making partnership is not necessary; the organisation needs to make key activities with sharing their resources accordingly (Brown Churchill, 2014). The value proposition is important in this respect with making customer relationship. Customers are important as well as donors for Brotherhood Books store. Utilising the channels of marketing, the organisation can share cost and revenue. Develop flexible plan is necessary for dynamic business plan. Now, Brotherhood Books makes partnership with Victoria based community and opens many stores. In cases, partners need to pivot when plans are not working. Brotherhood Books need to make an association with the community and a community-based group will provide benefits to the o rganisation in evolving business model and access donors. Brotherhood Books needs to adapt quickly. Brotherhood books can make partnership agreements that must define expectation and this may create a win-win situation for the organisation. Conclusion Brotherhood Books sell the old books to the disadvantaged people and one can donate the books to the organisation. The firm is mainly present in the website and they have their stores in Victoria. Moreover, they make the target to the upper-class people with aged people who can donate books. Pricing option is kept as low and they need to promote through social media in meeting the objectives to achieve the customer base and making new stores at different places. Marketing well can create lasting relationship with the customers that can provide benefits to Brotherhood Books to improve brand image and recognition. Reference List About Brotherhood Books | Brotherhood Books. (2017). Brotherhoodbooks.org.au. Retrieved 25 August 2017, from https://www.brotherhoodbooks.org.au/about/ Brown, T. J., Churchill, G. A. (2014).Basic marketing research: Customer insights and managerial action. London: Cengage Learning. Dibb, S. (2017). Changing Times for Social Marketing Segmentation. InSegmentation in Social Marketing. 6(3), 41-59 Granot, E., Alejandro, T. B., Russell, L. T. M. (2014). A socio-marketing analysis of the concept of cute and its consumer culture implications.Journal of Consumer Culture,14(1), 66-87. Huang, R., Sarigll, E. (2014). How brand awareness relates to market outcome, brand equity, and the marketing mix. InFashion Branding and Consumer Behaviors. 3(2), 113-132 Mintz, O., Currim, I. S. (2013). What drives managerial use of marketing and financial metrics and does metric use affect performance of marketing-mix activities?.Journal of Marketing,77(2), 17-40. Solomon, M. R. (2014).Consumer behaviour: Buying, having and being (Vol. 10). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. Vecchiato, D., Tempesta, T. (2015). Public preferences for electricity contracts including renewable energy: A marketing analysis with choice experiments.Energy,88, 168-179.

Presocratic Philosophy free essay sample

Although Aristotle’s statement is too slight to serve as a sure foundation for judgment, it seems more likely that Thales was arguing for the broader presence of life forces in the world than most people imagined, rather than that the real in its totality is alive. Anaximander Thales’ younger contemporary from Miletus, Anaximander, born toward the end of the seventh century B. C. E. , found the explanatory principle of things in what he called ‘‘the apeiron,’’ a word that might be translated as ‘‘the indefinite,’’ ‘‘the boundless,’’ or both.This opens up the possibility that the apeiron is both immeasurably large in its temporal and physical extent and also qualitatively indefinite in that it is without measurable inner boundaries. The apeiron is further described, according to Aristotle, as being ‘‘without beginning,’’ ‘‘surrounding all things,’’ ‘‘steering all things,’’ ‘‘divine,’’ ‘‘immortal,’’ and ‘‘indestructible. ’’ Some have inferred that Anaximander’s barely concealed purpose was Western philosophy’s first attempt at demythologization. We will write a custom essay sample on Presocratic Philosophy or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Equally striking is Anaximander’s description of the universe as a closed, concentric system, the outer spheres of which, by their everlasting motion, account for the stability of our earth, a drum-shaped body held everlastingly in a state of equipoise at the center. Whatever the inadequacy in certain details (the stars are placed nearer to the earth than the moon), with Anaximander the science of cosmological speculation took a giant step forward. As far as life on earth is concerned, Anaximander offered another striking hypothesis.The first living things, according to him, were ‘‘born in moisture, enclosed in thorny barks’’ (like sea urchins), and ‘‘as their age increased, they came forth onto the drier part’’ (as phrased by Aetius [first to second century C. E. ]). Pythagoras Although we know that Pythagoras was a historical figure, it is difficult to determine exactly what Pythagoras himself taught. He wrote nothing, and the ideas of other members of the community were attributed to him as a sign of respect and as a way of lending weight to the ideas.Plato and Aristotle rarely assign ideas to Pythagoras himself, although Pythagorean ideas seem to have influenced Plato’s philosophy. Pythagoreans asserted that number is the first principle of all things. They were the first systematic developers of mathematics in the West and discovered that natural events could be described in mathematical terms, especially as ratios. To the Pythagoreans, the â€Å"principle of number† accounted for everything. Number was a real thing. Somehow, numbers existed in space, not just as mental constructs.According to Pythagorean doctrine, the entire universe is an ordered whole consisting of harmonies of contrasting elements. The Greek for â€Å"ordered whole† is cosmos. The Pythagoreans were the first philosophers to use the term cosmos to refer to the universe in this way. The â€Å"celestial music of the spheres† is the hauntingly beautiful phrase the Pythagoreans coined to describe the sound of the heavens as they rotate according to cosmic number and harmony. Xenophanes A fourth Ionian philosopher, Xenophanes of Colophon, born around 580 B. C. E. , s the first we know of to overtly attack the anthropomorphism of popular religious belief, in a series of brilliant reductio ad absurdum arguments. His own view has been understood, ever since Aristotle, as pantheistic. Xenophanes was also the first philosopher we know of to ask what degree of knowledge is attainable. In B34 we read: ‘‘the clear and certain truth no man has seen, nor will there be anyone who knows about the gods and what I say about all things. ’’ Several ancient critics took this to be an indication of Xenophanes’ total scepticism. On this basis of moderate empiricism and scepticism, Xenophanes offered a number of opinions of varying plausibility about the natural world, one of which—a strong, evolutionary interpretation of the discovery on various islands of fossils of marine animals—is enough to constitute a major claim to fame in natural philosophy and ranks with his other significant steps in epistemology (the theory of knowledge dealing with what we know, how we know it, and how reliable our knowledge is), logic (the study of rational inquiry and argumentation), and natural theology (the attempt to understand God from natural knowledge).Heraclitus One of the most important and enigmatic of the Presocratics, Heraclitus (fl . 500 b. c. e. , d. 510–480 b. c. e. ), said that ignorance is bound to result when we try to understand the cosmos when we do not even comprehend the basic structure of the human psyche (soul) and its relationship to the Logos. The complex Greek word logos is intriguing.It could and at times did mean all of the following: â€Å"intelligence,† â€Å"speech,† â€Å"discourse,† â€Å"thought,† â€Å"reason,† â€Å"word,† â€Å"meaning,† â€Å"study of,† â€Å"the record of,† â€Å"the science of,† â€Å"the fundamental principles of,† â€Å"the basic principles and procedures of a particular discipline,† â€Å"those features of a thing that make it intelligible to us,† and â€Å"the rationale for a thing. † The Heraclitean capital L Logos is like God, only without the anthropomorphizing (humanizing) of the earlier philosophers and poets who attributed human qualities to the gods.According to Heraclitus’s imperso nal view of God, the Logos is a process, not an entity. As such, the Logos is unconcerned with individuals and human affairs, in much the same way that gravity affects us but is unconcerned with us. More radically yet, Heraclitus asserted that even though things appear to remain the same, â€Å"Change alone is unchanging. † Traditionally, it has been held that Heraclitus went so far as to claim that everything is always changing all the time. But whether he really meant that everything is always changing, or that individual things are held together by energy (change), remains unclear.Anaximenes Anaximander’s younger contemporary, Anaximenes, who lived during the sixth century B. C. E. appears to revert to a prior and less sophisticated vision in claiming that the earth, far from being a drum-shaped body held in equipoise at the center, is flat and ‘‘rides on,’’ supported by air. The same might be said of his contention that the basic, ‘‘divine’’ principle of things was not some indefinite entity but something very much part of our experience; namely, air.Anaximenes’ view would also no doubt have seemed to be corroborated by the fact that the universe, commonly understood as a living thing and hence needing a soul to vivify it, possessed in air that very ‘‘breath’’ that for most Greeks constituted the essence of such a soul. Parmenides Parmenides of Elea (fift h century b. c. e. ) radically transformed the early philosophers’ interest in cosmology, the study of the universe as a rationally ordered system (cosmos), into ontology, the study of being. By common agreement he was the giant among the pre-Socratics.According to Parmenides, none of his predecessors adequately accounted for the process by which the one basic stuff of the cosmos changes into the many individual things we experience every day. In his search for a solution to the problem of â€Å"the one and the many,† Parmenides turned to a reasoned analysis of the process of change itself. According to Parmenides, all sensations occur in the realm of appearance. This means that reality cannot be apprehended by the senses. Change and variety (the many) are only appearances; they are not real. If this is true, then our most commonly held beliefs about reality are mere opinions. The senses cannot recognize â€Å"what is,† much less can they discover—observe—it, ever. In other words, whatever we see, touch, taste, hear, or smell is not real, does not exist. Perhaps most unsettling of all, Parmenides â€Å"solved† the problem of the appearance of change by concluding—in direct opposition to Heraclitus’s insistence that everything is always changing—that the very concept of change is self-contradictory. What we think of as change is merely an illusion. The logic runs as follows: â€Å"Change† equals transformation into something else.When a thing becomes â€Å"something else,† it becomes what it is not. But since it is impossible for â€Å"nothing† (what is not) to exist, there is no â€Å"nothing† into which the old thing can disappear. (There is no â€Å"no place† for the thing to go into. ) Therefore, change cannot occur. Empedocles posited, against Parmenides, change and plurality as features of reality, but affirmed the eternality of anything that is real; the sphere-like nature of the real when looked at as a totality and the fact that the real is a plenum, containing no ‘‘nothingness’’ or ‘‘emptiness’’.Anaxagoras likewise posited change, plurality, and divisibility as features of reality, yet also affirmed the eternality of the real (understood by him as an eternally existent ‘‘mixture’’ of the ‘‘seeds’’ of the things currently constituting the world, rather than the eternal combinings and recombinings, according to certain ratios of admixture, of four eternally existent ‘‘roots’’ or elemental masses). Leucippus Leucippus of Miletus (c. fi ft h century b. c. e. ) and Democritus of Abdera (c. 460–370 b. . e. ) argued that reality consists entirely of empty space and ultimately simple entities that combine to form objects. T is materialistic view is known as atomism. Leucippus is credited with being the originator of atomism and Democritus with developing it. Rather than reject Parmenides’ assertion that change is an illusion, Leucippus argued that reality consists of many discrete â€Å"ones,† or beings. Zeno Zeno, who was born early in the fifth century B. C. E. , was a friend and pupil of Parmenides.In his famous paradoxes he attempted to show by a series of reductio ad absurdum arguments, of which the best known is perhaps that of Achilles and the tortoise, the self-contradictory consequences of maintaining that there is a real plurality of things or that motion or place are real. The prima facie brilliance of many of the arguments continues to impress people, though it soon becomes clear that the paradoxes turn largely on the failure or unwillingness of Zeno, like so many Pythagoreans of the day, to distinguish between the concepts of physical and geometrical space.Zeno’s way of constructing the problem makes it seem that his primary object is to defame pluralists by attacking the logical possibility of explaining how there can be motion in the world. Gorgias Gorgias has achieved fame for the stress he laid upon the art of persuasion (‘‘rhetoric’’), although whether he wrote the baffling On What Is Not as a serious piece of persuasive reasoning or as some sort of spoof of the Eleatic philosophy of Parmenides and others remains disputed.Its basic, and remarkable, claim is prima facie, that nothing in fact is (exists /is the case [esti] or is knowable or conceivable. Any exiguous plausibility that the arguments supporting this claim possess turns on our overlooking Gorgias’s failure, witting or unwitting, to distinguish carefully between knowing and thinking, along with his various uses of the verb ‘‘to be. ’’ If the failure was witting, the document can be seen as a skillful device for the spotting of fallacies as part of training in rhetoric and basic reasoning.If it was unwitting, Gorgias still emerges as what he was claimed to be—a deft rhetorical wordsmith on any topic proposed to him. Protagoras Perhaps the greatest of the Sophists was Protagoras of Abdera (481– 411 b. c. e. ). Protagoras was an archetypal Sophist: an active traveler and first-rate observer of other cultures who noted that although there are a variety of customs and beliefs, each culture believes unquestioningly that its own ways are right—and roundly condemns (or at least criticizes) views that differ from its own.Based on his observations and travels, Protagoras concluded that morals are nothing more than the social traditions, or mores, of a society or group. The details of Protagoras’s beliefs remain disputed. When he said, for example, that ‘‘anthropos [humanity] is a/the measure for all things, of things that are, that they are, and of things that are not, that they are not,’’ it is unclear whether he is talking about one person or the sum total of persons; about ‘‘a’’ measure or ‘‘the’’ measure (there is no definite article in Greek); or about existence or states of affairs or both.The Platonic reading in the Theaetetus, which takes ‘‘anthropos’’ as generic and ‘‘measure’’ as exclusive, led to the assertion that the logical consequence was total (and absurd) relativism. ______________________________ References: The Columbia History of Western Philosophy. Richard H. Popkin. Columbia University Press. 1999. Archetypes of Wisdom: An Introduction to Philosophy. 7th ed. Douglas J. Soccio. Wadsworth, Cengage Learning. 2010.